PSYC 2017 ZHANG LSU FINAL EXAM | COMPLETE
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATE
Producer of research - CORRECT ANSWER -the one who comes up with research
-professor, scientist, RA's
Consumer of research - CORRECT ANSWER -take the scientific knowledge from the producer's to
make important decisions
-ex: policy makers, students, everyone else
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER -theory that all knowledge is derived from evidence,
fundamental part of scientific method, scientist
ex: How did people "know", before science?
data theory cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -all data has infinite number of theories, we test them
against each other because you can argue for each
Empiricism and the data theory cycle are related - CORRECT ANSWER -we collect empirical data
to argue for theories. We use the data for competing theories and to get rid of bad ideas.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER -unproven statement that needs to be tested made strictly for
objective to find info
Thoery - CORRECT ANSWER -scientifically tested and proven explanation of fact or event
ex: Big Bang Theory
,Good Scientific Theories - CORRECT ANSWER -supported by data, falsifiable, have parsimony,
Don't prove anything (weight of the evidence)
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -the general idea that theories have to be generalizable, has to
explain a broad idea of ideas
Applied research - CORRECT ANSWER -seeks to solve practical problems, plays an important role
in solving everyday problems that impact our lives
-conduct research in a real world context
-ex: school, IO, and clinical psychology
Basic research - CORRECT ANSWER -study or research that is meant to increase our scientific
knowledge base, often purely theoretical with intent of increasing knowledge, but not seeking
treatment then
-ex: cognitive, neuroscience, social/personality psych
scientific sources - CORRECT ANSWER -journal articles, scientific journals, books
journal articles - CORRECT ANSWER -appropriate for scientific research, lengthy review process
(peer editing), large scale of topics and themes
-empirical, review, methods, and opinion articles
non scientific sources - CORRECT ANSWER -retail bookshelf, wikipedia as research source,
popular press (buzzfeed, NYT, etc.)
comparison group - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to group of units (people) that receive either no
treatment or alternative treatment serves as a control, -experimental evidence has no
comparison group
-importance: created to look at differences
, what does it mean for research to be probabilistic? - CORRECT ANSWER --research evidence is
probabilistic
-which means that its findings are not expected to explain all cases all the time
-"random variance"
Experimental evidence is confounded - CORRECT ANSWER -alternative explanations
-confounded occurs when you think one thing cause an outcome but in fact other things
changed too so you are confused what they cause really was
What are some biases of human psychology as related to scientific reasoning? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Biases of Intuition: availability heuristic
-present/present bias
-asking biased questions
Biases of Intuition - CORRECT ANSWER --being persuaded by what easily comes to mind
(availability heuristic)
-failing to think about what we cannot see (present/present bias)
Availability Heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -our reasoning is heavily biased by what comes to our
mind the easiest
ex: shark attacks on the news might make you change your vacation plans but shark attacks are
actually very rare
Present/Present Bias - CORRECT ANSWER -failure to seek negative information, failure to think
about what we cannot see
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS) LATEST UPDATE
Producer of research - CORRECT ANSWER -the one who comes up with research
-professor, scientist, RA's
Consumer of research - CORRECT ANSWER -take the scientific knowledge from the producer's to
make important decisions
-ex: policy makers, students, everyone else
empiricism - CORRECT ANSWER -theory that all knowledge is derived from evidence,
fundamental part of scientific method, scientist
ex: How did people "know", before science?
data theory cycle - CORRECT ANSWER -all data has infinite number of theories, we test them
against each other because you can argue for each
Empiricism and the data theory cycle are related - CORRECT ANSWER -we collect empirical data
to argue for theories. We use the data for competing theories and to get rid of bad ideas.
Hypothesis - CORRECT ANSWER -unproven statement that needs to be tested made strictly for
objective to find info
Thoery - CORRECT ANSWER -scientifically tested and proven explanation of fact or event
ex: Big Bang Theory
,Good Scientific Theories - CORRECT ANSWER -supported by data, falsifiable, have parsimony,
Don't prove anything (weight of the evidence)
Parsimony - CORRECT ANSWER -the general idea that theories have to be generalizable, has to
explain a broad idea of ideas
Applied research - CORRECT ANSWER -seeks to solve practical problems, plays an important role
in solving everyday problems that impact our lives
-conduct research in a real world context
-ex: school, IO, and clinical psychology
Basic research - CORRECT ANSWER -study or research that is meant to increase our scientific
knowledge base, often purely theoretical with intent of increasing knowledge, but not seeking
treatment then
-ex: cognitive, neuroscience, social/personality psych
scientific sources - CORRECT ANSWER -journal articles, scientific journals, books
journal articles - CORRECT ANSWER -appropriate for scientific research, lengthy review process
(peer editing), large scale of topics and themes
-empirical, review, methods, and opinion articles
non scientific sources - CORRECT ANSWER -retail bookshelf, wikipedia as research source,
popular press (buzzfeed, NYT, etc.)
comparison group - CORRECT ANSWER -refers to group of units (people) that receive either no
treatment or alternative treatment serves as a control, -experimental evidence has no
comparison group
-importance: created to look at differences
, what does it mean for research to be probabilistic? - CORRECT ANSWER --research evidence is
probabilistic
-which means that its findings are not expected to explain all cases all the time
-"random variance"
Experimental evidence is confounded - CORRECT ANSWER -alternative explanations
-confounded occurs when you think one thing cause an outcome but in fact other things
changed too so you are confused what they cause really was
What are some biases of human psychology as related to scientific reasoning? - CORRECT
ANSWER --Biases of Intuition: availability heuristic
-present/present bias
-asking biased questions
Biases of Intuition - CORRECT ANSWER --being persuaded by what easily comes to mind
(availability heuristic)
-failing to think about what we cannot see (present/present bias)
Availability Heuristic - CORRECT ANSWER -our reasoning is heavily biased by what comes to our
mind the easiest
ex: shark attacks on the news might make you change your vacation plans but shark attacks are
actually very rare
Present/Present Bias - CORRECT ANSWER -failure to seek negative information, failure to think
about what we cannot see
