NAVLE EXAM 2026/2027 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
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An 11 lb (5 kg), 3 year old payed female Poodle dog has lameness of the right hindlimb
associated with a grade III medial patellar luxation. Which of the following is the most
appropriate surgical management?
A) Medial extracapsular suture and trochlear resection
B) Medial tibial tuberosity transposition with lateral reinforcement
C) Meniscectomy with fibular head advancement
D) Osteotomy of the femur with lateral extracapsular suture
E) Wedge recession trochleoplasty and lateral tibial tuberosity transposition
E) Wedge recession trochleoplasty and lateral tibial tuberosity transposition
Which of the following organisms are most commonly associated with bovine respiratory
disease complex?
A) Bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
B) Haemophilus influenzae and Pasteurella multocida type A
C) Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Streptococcus bovis
D) Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Pasteurella multocida type D
E) Mycoplasma anatis and parainfluenza 3 virus
A) Bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
A 9 month old Airedale Terrier dog is being evaluated because of intermittent shifting lameness
and lethargy for the past three weeks. Pain is evident on palpation of the right humerus and
elbow joint. A lateral radiograph of the area is shown (image 5371). Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Fragmented medial coronoid process
B) Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
C) Osteochondritis dissecans
1|Page
,D) Panosteitis
E) Ununited anconeal process
D) Panosteitis
A 3 day old Quarter horse foal has not been nursing well and has had depression, mild
abdominal discomfort, and bloody diarrhea for the past 24 hours. The owner reported that the
foaling was uneventful. Length of gestation was 335 days. The foal weighs 100 lb (45 kg). Rectal
temperature is 103.0 degrees F (39.4 degrees C), heart rate is 150 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 60 breaths/min. Physical examination shows a recumbent, depressed foal that is
approximately 7% dehydrated. Sclerae and oral mucous membranes are injected, and petechiae
are noted on both pinnae. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A) Clostridium spp
B) Cryptosporidium spp
C) Cyathostomiasis
D) Lawsonia intracellulare
E) Stronguloides westeri
A) Clostridium spp
A 1 year old domestic shorthaired cat develops severe tremors 12 hours after the client applied
an over-the-counter permethrin flea treatment to the skin over its shoulder blades.
Temperature is 103.8 degrees F (39.9 degrees C), and heart rate is 250 beats/min. On physical
examination, the cat is conscious but is having generalized tremors. In addition to bathing the
cat to remove the product, appropriate management would include administration of which of
the following medications?
A) Dantrolene
B) Methocarbamol
C) Phenobarbital
D) Phenoxybenzamine
E) Propofol
B) Methocarbamol
On routine physical examination, a 2 year old male Whippet is noted to have dark yellow
staining on all teeth. The teeth have had this appearance since the dog was a puppy. The dog's
diet consists of a grocery-store brand of dog food. Which of the following is the most likely
explanation of the discoloration of this dog's teeth?
A) accumulation of tartar
B) Congenital defect in the production of enamel
C) Diet low in calcium
2|Page
,D) Ingestion of cephalexin by the bitch during pregnancy
E) Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
E) Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
A 12 year old male Amazon parrot was boarded at a pet shop for three weeks while its owners
were away. When they returned, the bird was depressed, had lost weight, and had ocular and
nasal discharge and a tail bob. Droppings are scant, and the urate component is lime green.
Radiographs show an air sacculitis and hepatosplenomegaly. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment?
A) Cephalexin
B) Doxycycline
C) Gentamicin
D) Metronidazole
E) Sulfadiazine
B) Doxycycline
A 5 year old Quarter horse gelding is being evaluated because of chronic lameness of the right
forelimb. No swelling or heat is detected on palpation of the forelimbs, and digital pulses are
normal. There is no response to application of hoof testers to either front foot. When trotting in
a straight line, the horse appears to favor the right forelimb slightly. When lunging in a circle to
the right, a grade III/V lameness of the right forelimb is observed. When lunging in a circle to
the left, a grade III/V lameness of the left forelimb is observed. A diagnosis will be confirmed by
signs of improvement in lameness after anesthetic is injected into which of the following sites?
A) Deep palmar metacarpal and palmar nerves
B) Distal interphalangeal joints
C) Dorsal and palmar digital nerves of both forelimbs
D) Metacarpophalangeal joints
E) Palmar digital nerves of both front feet
Correct answer: E) Palmar digital nerves of both front feet
Why: The lameness is worse in the inside fore on the circle in either direction (right circle → RF
lame; left circle → LF lame). That pattern screams bilateral heel pain/navicular apparatus
disease—common in Quarter Horses—and often subtle on a straight line. Normal hoof tester
response and digital pulses don't rule it out.
A palmar digital nerve block desensitizes the caudal third of the foot (navicular bone/bursa,
distal DDFT insertion, heel), so improvement after bilateral PDN blocks confirms caudal foot
pain as the source.
Why not the others:
3|Page
, B) Distal interphalangeal joints - can help, but PDN is the classic first localization for
heel/navicular pain.
D) Metacarpophalangeal joints - fetlock pain doesn't typically produce this "inside limb on the
circle" pattern bilaterally.
A) High 4-point (deep palmar metacarpal & palmar nerves) - too proximal for suspected caudal
foot pain.
C) "Dorsal and palmar digital nerves" is not the standard step; palmar digital block suffices.
Which of the following is the most likely site of the initial lesion of infectious necrotic
pododermatitis in cattle?
A) Hoof wall
B) Pastern or coffin joints
C) Skin of the interdigital space
D) Solar surface of the major weight-bearing claw
E) White line
C) Skin of the interdigital space
A 16 year old cat with a history of chronic vomiting is being evaluated because it has not eaten
for the past several days. The cat is about 2 lb (1 kg) underweights and appears severely
dehydrated. The kidneys are firm and small on palpation. Which of the following serum
electrolytes concentrations is not likely to be deficient in this cat?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Phosphorus
D) Potassium
E) Sodium
D) Potassium
The owners of a 10 year old neutered Labrador Retriever report that the dog has gradually been
"slowing down," seems to tire more easily, and coughs occasionally. The dog got out of the yard
last night and appeared to be having trouble breathing when returning home this morning. On
examination, the dog is tachypneic and has labored breathing when excited. The dog also has a
marked inspiratory noise. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Elongated soft palate
B) Laryngeal paralysis
C) Pneumothorax
D) Pulmonary neoplasia
E) Tracheal collapse
4|Page
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |CURRENTLY TESTING
QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS|ALREADY
GRADED A+|NEWEST|BRAND NEW VERSION
!!|GUARANTEED PASS
An 11 lb (5 kg), 3 year old payed female Poodle dog has lameness of the right hindlimb
associated with a grade III medial patellar luxation. Which of the following is the most
appropriate surgical management?
A) Medial extracapsular suture and trochlear resection
B) Medial tibial tuberosity transposition with lateral reinforcement
C) Meniscectomy with fibular head advancement
D) Osteotomy of the femur with lateral extracapsular suture
E) Wedge recession trochleoplasty and lateral tibial tuberosity transposition
E) Wedge recession trochleoplasty and lateral tibial tuberosity transposition
Which of the following organisms are most commonly associated with bovine respiratory
disease complex?
A) Bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
B) Haemophilus influenzae and Pasteurella multocida type A
C) Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae and Streptococcus bovis
D) Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and Pasteurella multocida type D
E) Mycoplasma anatis and parainfluenza 3 virus
A) Bovine herpesvirus 1 and Mannheimia (Pasteurella) haemolytica
A 9 month old Airedale Terrier dog is being evaluated because of intermittent shifting lameness
and lethargy for the past three weeks. Pain is evident on palpation of the right humerus and
elbow joint. A lateral radiograph of the area is shown (image 5371). Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?
A) Fragmented medial coronoid process
B) Hypertrophic osteodystrophy
C) Osteochondritis dissecans
1|Page
,D) Panosteitis
E) Ununited anconeal process
D) Panosteitis
A 3 day old Quarter horse foal has not been nursing well and has had depression, mild
abdominal discomfort, and bloody diarrhea for the past 24 hours. The owner reported that the
foaling was uneventful. Length of gestation was 335 days. The foal weighs 100 lb (45 kg). Rectal
temperature is 103.0 degrees F (39.4 degrees C), heart rate is 150 beats/min, and respiratory
rate is 60 breaths/min. Physical examination shows a recumbent, depressed foal that is
approximately 7% dehydrated. Sclerae and oral mucous membranes are injected, and petechiae
are noted on both pinnae. Which of the following is the most likely cause of this condition?
A) Clostridium spp
B) Cryptosporidium spp
C) Cyathostomiasis
D) Lawsonia intracellulare
E) Stronguloides westeri
A) Clostridium spp
A 1 year old domestic shorthaired cat develops severe tremors 12 hours after the client applied
an over-the-counter permethrin flea treatment to the skin over its shoulder blades.
Temperature is 103.8 degrees F (39.9 degrees C), and heart rate is 250 beats/min. On physical
examination, the cat is conscious but is having generalized tremors. In addition to bathing the
cat to remove the product, appropriate management would include administration of which of
the following medications?
A) Dantrolene
B) Methocarbamol
C) Phenobarbital
D) Phenoxybenzamine
E) Propofol
B) Methocarbamol
On routine physical examination, a 2 year old male Whippet is noted to have dark yellow
staining on all teeth. The teeth have had this appearance since the dog was a puppy. The dog's
diet consists of a grocery-store brand of dog food. Which of the following is the most likely
explanation of the discoloration of this dog's teeth?
A) accumulation of tartar
B) Congenital defect in the production of enamel
C) Diet low in calcium
2|Page
,D) Ingestion of cephalexin by the bitch during pregnancy
E) Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
E) Ingestion of tetracycline as a puppy
A 12 year old male Amazon parrot was boarded at a pet shop for three weeks while its owners
were away. When they returned, the bird was depressed, had lost weight, and had ocular and
nasal discharge and a tail bob. Droppings are scant, and the urate component is lime green.
Radiographs show an air sacculitis and hepatosplenomegaly. Which of the following is the most
appropriate treatment?
A) Cephalexin
B) Doxycycline
C) Gentamicin
D) Metronidazole
E) Sulfadiazine
B) Doxycycline
A 5 year old Quarter horse gelding is being evaluated because of chronic lameness of the right
forelimb. No swelling or heat is detected on palpation of the forelimbs, and digital pulses are
normal. There is no response to application of hoof testers to either front foot. When trotting in
a straight line, the horse appears to favor the right forelimb slightly. When lunging in a circle to
the right, a grade III/V lameness of the right forelimb is observed. When lunging in a circle to
the left, a grade III/V lameness of the left forelimb is observed. A diagnosis will be confirmed by
signs of improvement in lameness after anesthetic is injected into which of the following sites?
A) Deep palmar metacarpal and palmar nerves
B) Distal interphalangeal joints
C) Dorsal and palmar digital nerves of both forelimbs
D) Metacarpophalangeal joints
E) Palmar digital nerves of both front feet
Correct answer: E) Palmar digital nerves of both front feet
Why: The lameness is worse in the inside fore on the circle in either direction (right circle → RF
lame; left circle → LF lame). That pattern screams bilateral heel pain/navicular apparatus
disease—common in Quarter Horses—and often subtle on a straight line. Normal hoof tester
response and digital pulses don't rule it out.
A palmar digital nerve block desensitizes the caudal third of the foot (navicular bone/bursa,
distal DDFT insertion, heel), so improvement after bilateral PDN blocks confirms caudal foot
pain as the source.
Why not the others:
3|Page
, B) Distal interphalangeal joints - can help, but PDN is the classic first localization for
heel/navicular pain.
D) Metacarpophalangeal joints - fetlock pain doesn't typically produce this "inside limb on the
circle" pattern bilaterally.
A) High 4-point (deep palmar metacarpal & palmar nerves) - too proximal for suspected caudal
foot pain.
C) "Dorsal and palmar digital nerves" is not the standard step; palmar digital block suffices.
Which of the following is the most likely site of the initial lesion of infectious necrotic
pododermatitis in cattle?
A) Hoof wall
B) Pastern or coffin joints
C) Skin of the interdigital space
D) Solar surface of the major weight-bearing claw
E) White line
C) Skin of the interdigital space
A 16 year old cat with a history of chronic vomiting is being evaluated because it has not eaten
for the past several days. The cat is about 2 lb (1 kg) underweights and appears severely
dehydrated. The kidneys are firm and small on palpation. Which of the following serum
electrolytes concentrations is not likely to be deficient in this cat?
A) Calcium
B) Chloride
C) Phosphorus
D) Potassium
E) Sodium
D) Potassium
The owners of a 10 year old neutered Labrador Retriever report that the dog has gradually been
"slowing down," seems to tire more easily, and coughs occasionally. The dog got out of the yard
last night and appeared to be having trouble breathing when returning home this morning. On
examination, the dog is tachypneic and has labored breathing when excited. The dog also has a
marked inspiratory noise. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) Elongated soft palate
B) Laryngeal paralysis
C) Pneumothorax
D) Pulmonary neoplasia
E) Tracheal collapse
4|Page
