PSYC 375 Final Exam Questions with
correct Answers| Latest Update
2025/2026
Eventually Calkins turned away from mainstream experimental psychology because she
viewed it as too cold and impersonal. Instead she pursued her interest in: - Answer-
self-psychology
James admitted that his concept of ___ was similar to the older concepts of "soul" or
"spirit". - Answer- self as knower
Due to Munsterberg's interests and work, he is known as one of the first: - Answer-
applied psychologists
When studying humans, James felt that: - Answer- both scientific and philosophic
approach must be used
According to James, the most important thing about consciousness was that it was -
Answer- functional
According to Pragmatism - Answer- an idea should be evaluated in terms of its
usefulness
Mary Calkins developed the ___task study to memory and learning - Answer- paired
associate
James identified ________ as a ratio of things attempted to things achieved. - Answer-
self-esteem
Regarding experiencing emotion, which sequence, according to James, is correct? -
Answer- we strike a person and then become angry
Woodworth was primarily a functionalist, but he had also described his brand of
psychology as: - Answer- dynamic psychology
If, after conditioning has taken place, a series of trials is presented in which the
conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented but is not followed by the unconditioned stimulus
(US), ____ will occur. - Answer- extinction
The most important concept that Sechenov introduced to psychology was: - Answer-
inhibition
, If a period of time is allowed to elapse after extinction and the conditioned stimulus is
again presented, the stimulus will elicit a conditioned response. This reappearance of
the conditioned response is called: - Answer- spontaneous recovery
Watson's final position on instincts was that: - Answer- humans have no instincts
Pavlov called the words that come to symbolize reality "signals of signals" or the: -
Answer- second-signal system
Sechenov: - Answer- postulated that both overt and covert behavior (mental processes)
result from physiological processes in the brain
What Pavlov called a conditioned reflex, Bechterev called an _______________. -
Answer- association
Which of the following characteristics of contemporary psychology would most likely
disappoint Watson: - Answer- the popularity of cognitive psychology
Watson's research indicated that rats use their ___ sense in learning to traverse a maze
accurately. - Answer- kinaesthetic
For Sechenov, the only valid way to study psychology was to use - Answer- the
objective methods of physiology
If you define a concept in terms of the procedures followed while measuring the
concept, you are using a(n) - Answer- operational definition
The cornerstone of Guthrie's theory of learning was the law of: - Answer- contiguity
Eventually, most psychologists agreed with the logical positivists that - Answer- unless
a concept can be operationally defined, it is meaningless
For Tolman, motivation influences ____ but not ____. - Answer- performance; learning
According to Skinner, the most important aspect of operant behaviour was that it: -
Answer- was controlled by its consequences, not elicited by a stimulus.
For Tolman, ____ was the same as ____. - Answer- molar behavior; purposive
behavior
Mach believed that: - Answer- humans could be certain only of their own sensations
For Skinner, behavior elicited by a known stimulus is called ___ behavior, and behavior
that was simply emitted by an organism is called ___ behavior. - Answer- respondent;
operant
correct Answers| Latest Update
2025/2026
Eventually Calkins turned away from mainstream experimental psychology because she
viewed it as too cold and impersonal. Instead she pursued her interest in: - Answer-
self-psychology
James admitted that his concept of ___ was similar to the older concepts of "soul" or
"spirit". - Answer- self as knower
Due to Munsterberg's interests and work, he is known as one of the first: - Answer-
applied psychologists
When studying humans, James felt that: - Answer- both scientific and philosophic
approach must be used
According to James, the most important thing about consciousness was that it was -
Answer- functional
According to Pragmatism - Answer- an idea should be evaluated in terms of its
usefulness
Mary Calkins developed the ___task study to memory and learning - Answer- paired
associate
James identified ________ as a ratio of things attempted to things achieved. - Answer-
self-esteem
Regarding experiencing emotion, which sequence, according to James, is correct? -
Answer- we strike a person and then become angry
Woodworth was primarily a functionalist, but he had also described his brand of
psychology as: - Answer- dynamic psychology
If, after conditioning has taken place, a series of trials is presented in which the
conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented but is not followed by the unconditioned stimulus
(US), ____ will occur. - Answer- extinction
The most important concept that Sechenov introduced to psychology was: - Answer-
inhibition
, If a period of time is allowed to elapse after extinction and the conditioned stimulus is
again presented, the stimulus will elicit a conditioned response. This reappearance of
the conditioned response is called: - Answer- spontaneous recovery
Watson's final position on instincts was that: - Answer- humans have no instincts
Pavlov called the words that come to symbolize reality "signals of signals" or the: -
Answer- second-signal system
Sechenov: - Answer- postulated that both overt and covert behavior (mental processes)
result from physiological processes in the brain
What Pavlov called a conditioned reflex, Bechterev called an _______________. -
Answer- association
Which of the following characteristics of contemporary psychology would most likely
disappoint Watson: - Answer- the popularity of cognitive psychology
Watson's research indicated that rats use their ___ sense in learning to traverse a maze
accurately. - Answer- kinaesthetic
For Sechenov, the only valid way to study psychology was to use - Answer- the
objective methods of physiology
If you define a concept in terms of the procedures followed while measuring the
concept, you are using a(n) - Answer- operational definition
The cornerstone of Guthrie's theory of learning was the law of: - Answer- contiguity
Eventually, most psychologists agreed with the logical positivists that - Answer- unless
a concept can be operationally defined, it is meaningless
For Tolman, motivation influences ____ but not ____. - Answer- performance; learning
According to Skinner, the most important aspect of operant behaviour was that it: -
Answer- was controlled by its consequences, not elicited by a stimulus.
For Tolman, ____ was the same as ____. - Answer- molar behavior; purposive
behavior
Mach believed that: - Answer- humans could be certain only of their own sensations
For Skinner, behavior elicited by a known stimulus is called ___ behavior, and behavior
that was simply emitted by an organism is called ___ behavior. - Answer- respondent;
operant
