Bio 198 Exam 5 KSU
What is the first law of thermodynamics? And how does it pertain to cells? - Answer-Energy cannot be
created or destroyed
Cells can't just create their own energy, they need a source.
What is the second law of thermodynamics? And how does this pertain to cells? - Answer-Energy is
transferred, and in every transfer some energy is lost.
Cells need a constant input of energy because they lose some as heat
What is an endergonic reaction? - Answer-A reaction that requires energy input.
What is an exergonic reaction? - Answer-a reaction that releases energy.
Describe the basic structure of ATP, where energy is stored, and how energy is released. - Answer--
Made up of a triphosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and Adenine
-Energy is stored in the triphosphate group
-When energy is released, triphosphate group is released and ADP and phosphate group is formed
What is the relationship of ATP and endergonic/exergonic reactions? - Answer-The making of ATP is an
endergonic reaction because it requires energy to build the triphosphate molecule.
The making of ADP is exergonic because it releases energy, splitting the triphosphate molecules.
What is an Oxidation reaction? What type of reaction is it? - Answer--Loss of electrons
-Exergonic Reaction
, What is a Reduction reaction? What type of reaction is it? - Answer--Gaining of electrons
-Endergonic Reaction
Describe the process of diffusion. - Answer-Diffusion (passive transport) is the spontaneous movement
of materials from HIGH to LOW concentration down a concentration gradient (form of energy) through a
selectively permeable membrane (like a bouncer).
What factors influence diffusion rates? - Answer--Temperature
-size of molecule
-time
-distance
-Solubility
-Surface Areaof membrane
-Solvent density
What is a selective permeable membrane? How does it influence movement of materials, and what
molecules can move through easily? - Answer-The membrane chooses which molecules are allowed to
pass. Only allows smaller molecules (ie. oxygen and carbon dioxide) can move through easily
What is facilitated diffusion? - Answer-The movement of molecules across plasma using concentration
gradient and a channel protein.
does not require energy
High to low concentration
What is active transport? - Answer-ATP is used to move molecules through protein channel across the
membrane, moves LOW to HIGH concentration.
used energy input.
What is the first law of thermodynamics? And how does it pertain to cells? - Answer-Energy cannot be
created or destroyed
Cells can't just create their own energy, they need a source.
What is the second law of thermodynamics? And how does this pertain to cells? - Answer-Energy is
transferred, and in every transfer some energy is lost.
Cells need a constant input of energy because they lose some as heat
What is an endergonic reaction? - Answer-A reaction that requires energy input.
What is an exergonic reaction? - Answer-a reaction that releases energy.
Describe the basic structure of ATP, where energy is stored, and how energy is released. - Answer--
Made up of a triphosphate group, 5-carbon sugar, and Adenine
-Energy is stored in the triphosphate group
-When energy is released, triphosphate group is released and ADP and phosphate group is formed
What is the relationship of ATP and endergonic/exergonic reactions? - Answer-The making of ATP is an
endergonic reaction because it requires energy to build the triphosphate molecule.
The making of ADP is exergonic because it releases energy, splitting the triphosphate molecules.
What is an Oxidation reaction? What type of reaction is it? - Answer--Loss of electrons
-Exergonic Reaction
, What is a Reduction reaction? What type of reaction is it? - Answer--Gaining of electrons
-Endergonic Reaction
Describe the process of diffusion. - Answer-Diffusion (passive transport) is the spontaneous movement
of materials from HIGH to LOW concentration down a concentration gradient (form of energy) through a
selectively permeable membrane (like a bouncer).
What factors influence diffusion rates? - Answer--Temperature
-size of molecule
-time
-distance
-Solubility
-Surface Areaof membrane
-Solvent density
What is a selective permeable membrane? How does it influence movement of materials, and what
molecules can move through easily? - Answer-The membrane chooses which molecules are allowed to
pass. Only allows smaller molecules (ie. oxygen and carbon dioxide) can move through easily
What is facilitated diffusion? - Answer-The movement of molecules across plasma using concentration
gradient and a channel protein.
does not require energy
High to low concentration
What is active transport? - Answer-ATP is used to move molecules through protein channel across the
membrane, moves LOW to HIGH concentration.
used energy input.
