Pharmacotherapy 3 Final Exam:
Stroke with correct answers
which of the following describes the epidemiology of stroke
• 5th leading cause of death in US
• 1st leading cause of death worldwide
• 60% of deaths due to stroke occurred outside hospital - correct answer ✔✔ 5th leading cause
of death in US
60% of deaths due to stroke occurred outside hospital
(2nd cause of death worldwide)
a stroke is defined as: focal neurological deficit for ≥ ____ hours, vascular origin, ischemic or
hemorrhagic - correct answer ✔✔ ≥ 24 hours
(TIAs = < 24 hours)
true or false: most strokes are hemorrhagic - correct answer ✔✔ false - most are ischemic
what are the two etiologies of stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 1. atherogenic
• plaques in arteries
• most common
,2. cardiogenic
• A. fib, valvular heart disease
which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?
• older
• female
• male
• black, hispanic, Asian-Pacific islander
• low birth weight
• cigarette smoking
• HTN - correct answer ✔✔ older
male
black, hispanic, Asain-Pacific islander
low birth weight
(genetic factors)
true or false: HTN and A. fib are athrogenic modifiable risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ false -
thrombotic
atherogenic = cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia
,what are some other risk factors for stroke? - correct answer ✔✔ sickle cell
poor diet
obesity
physical inactivity
cardiac diseases
migraine
metabolic syndrome
drug and alcohol abuse
inflammation and infection
elevated lipoprotein A
homocyteinemia
sleep disordered breathing
true or false: COVID-19 patients experienced a higher rate of ischemic stroke than those with flu
- correct answer ✔✔ true (8x more likely)
what are some lifestyle changes for primary prevention? - correct answer ✔✔ non-pharm:
- physical activity (≥ 150 min/week of mod exercise)
- tobacco cessation
- diet (fruits, veggies, nuts, legumes, fish, whole grains)
pharm:
- cholesterol (assess ASVCD)
- HTN (maintain < 130/80)
- ASA (low dose prevention only in select high risk patients)
- T2DM (controlled)
, BP goal for primary prevention of stroke - correct answer ✔✔ < 130/80 or < 140/90
criteria for pharmacotherapy primary intervention for diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ DM
patients: A1c > 7
non-DM patients: A1c > 6.5
(use SGLT2, GLP-1 with CV benefits)
what is the criteria for anticoagulant us in patients with atrial fibrillation? - correct answer ✔✔
CHAD2S2-VASc score ≥ 2 in men, ≥ 3 in women
low intensity doses for pravastatin and simvastatin - correct answer ✔✔ pravastatin = 10-20 mg
simvastatin = 10 mg
(mod: pravastatin = 40-80 mg; simvastatin 20-40 mg)
moderate intensity doses for pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and atorvastatin - correct
answer ✔✔ pravastatin: 40-80 mg
simvastatin: 20-40 mg
rosuvastatin: 5-10 mg
Stroke with correct answers
which of the following describes the epidemiology of stroke
• 5th leading cause of death in US
• 1st leading cause of death worldwide
• 60% of deaths due to stroke occurred outside hospital - correct answer ✔✔ 5th leading cause
of death in US
60% of deaths due to stroke occurred outside hospital
(2nd cause of death worldwide)
a stroke is defined as: focal neurological deficit for ≥ ____ hours, vascular origin, ischemic or
hemorrhagic - correct answer ✔✔ ≥ 24 hours
(TIAs = < 24 hours)
true or false: most strokes are hemorrhagic - correct answer ✔✔ false - most are ischemic
what are the two etiologies of stroke - correct answer ✔✔ 1. atherogenic
• plaques in arteries
• most common
,2. cardiogenic
• A. fib, valvular heart disease
which of the following are non-modifiable risk factors for stroke?
• older
• female
• male
• black, hispanic, Asian-Pacific islander
• low birth weight
• cigarette smoking
• HTN - correct answer ✔✔ older
male
black, hispanic, Asain-Pacific islander
low birth weight
(genetic factors)
true or false: HTN and A. fib are athrogenic modifiable risk factors - correct answer ✔✔ false -
thrombotic
atherogenic = cigarette smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia
,what are some other risk factors for stroke? - correct answer ✔✔ sickle cell
poor diet
obesity
physical inactivity
cardiac diseases
migraine
metabolic syndrome
drug and alcohol abuse
inflammation and infection
elevated lipoprotein A
homocyteinemia
sleep disordered breathing
true or false: COVID-19 patients experienced a higher rate of ischemic stroke than those with flu
- correct answer ✔✔ true (8x more likely)
what are some lifestyle changes for primary prevention? - correct answer ✔✔ non-pharm:
- physical activity (≥ 150 min/week of mod exercise)
- tobacco cessation
- diet (fruits, veggies, nuts, legumes, fish, whole grains)
pharm:
- cholesterol (assess ASVCD)
- HTN (maintain < 130/80)
- ASA (low dose prevention only in select high risk patients)
- T2DM (controlled)
, BP goal for primary prevention of stroke - correct answer ✔✔ < 130/80 or < 140/90
criteria for pharmacotherapy primary intervention for diabetes - correct answer ✔✔ DM
patients: A1c > 7
non-DM patients: A1c > 6.5
(use SGLT2, GLP-1 with CV benefits)
what is the criteria for anticoagulant us in patients with atrial fibrillation? - correct answer ✔✔
CHAD2S2-VASc score ≥ 2 in men, ≥ 3 in women
low intensity doses for pravastatin and simvastatin - correct answer ✔✔ pravastatin = 10-20 mg
simvastatin = 10 mg
(mod: pravastatin = 40-80 mg; simvastatin 20-40 mg)
moderate intensity doses for pravastatin, simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and atorvastatin - correct
answer ✔✔ pravastatin: 40-80 mg
simvastatin: 20-40 mg
rosuvastatin: 5-10 mg
