APES Mock Exam Review Questions and Answers

APES Mock Exam Review Questions
and Answers23

External benefits or positive externalities are... - ANSWERS-Advantageous impacts



External costs and negative externalities are... - ANSWERS-Detrimental impacts



Full-Cost Pricing - ANSWERS-Includes the external cost in the price of goods and services,
including overheads and profit margin to the direct cost of the product



Optimal-Pricing - ANSWERS-Profit-maximized price, the demand price for the full capacity
output of the product



Cost Benefit Analysis - ANSWERS-~The method of measuring the benefits anticipated from a
decision by determining the cost of the decision, then deciding whether the benefits outweigh
the cost

~In consumerism, estimates and totals up the total equivalent money value of the benefits and
total costs to the community of projects to establish whether they are worthwhile



Green Pricing - ANSWERS-Customers pay a small premium in exchange for electricity generated
from green power sources



Subsidized pricing - ANSWERS-Consumer price is reduced by another entity covering a portion
of the cost



The majority of commercial energy in the world comes from... - ANSWERS-Coal, Oil, and Natural
Gas

,Biomass energy is... - ANSWERS-~Created when biomass is being burned or oxidized

~Renewable

~Includes wood, waste, alcohol fuels, green waste, food waste, biodegradable municipal solid
waste

~Used for cooking and keeping warm in less-developed countries where electricity is not as
widespread



First Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWERS-Energy involved in any physical or chemical change is
neither created nor destroyed, only changed from one form to another



Second Law of Thermodynamics - ANSWERS-During an energy conversions, not all of the usable
energy (free energy) of the reactants are converted to usable energy in the products; some of
the usable energy is converted to unusable energy. The amount of usable energy will decrease
and the amount of unusable will increase in each trophic level



What would make energy use in cars increase? - ANSWERS-~Government subsidies that keep
gas prices low

~Removal of taxes from gasoline

~Raising the speed limit

~Limiting the development of public transportation



What are the advantages and disadvantages of using natural gas over oil? - ANSWERS-~Cleaner

~Burns completely

~Still emits CO2

~Less expensive than oil

~Flammable

, Passive Solar Heating - ANSWERS-~Occurs when a building or some element of it takes
advantage of natural energy characteristics in materials and air created by exposure to the sun

~Traps the heat in the building

~Have few moving parts and no mechanical system

~Require minimal maintenance

~Similar to greenhouse effect

~Used at any time of the year

~Does not produce pollution



Half-life - ANSWERS-Amount of time it takes for one-half of a radioactive material to decay



Diagram of a Nuclear Reactor - ANSWERS-Shows that in the core the nuclear energy is
converted to heat energy; the heat energy is used to make steam, and the steam turns turbines
to generate electrical energy



South Africa has reserves of... - ANSWERS-~Gold

~Chromium

~Antimony

~Coal

~Iron Ore

~Manganese

~Nickel

~Phosphates

~Tin

~Uranium

~Gem Diamonds

~Platinum