1
Bpk 241 Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
What are the types of vertebrae in the body? Answer: 7 - Cervicals
12 - Thoracic
5 - Lumbar
5 - sacral
coccyx
what part of the spine develops lordotic curves? Answer: Cervical and Lumbar
what part of the spine develops Kyphotic curves? Answer: Thoracic and Sacral
How many vertebrae are there? also how many true/false Answer: 33 -
vertebrae
24 - true
9 - false
Features of the spine are: Answer: Spinous process
Transverse process
Pedicle
Lamina
vertebral body
Facet joints
What are C1 and C2 of the spine called? Answer: Atlas and axis
typical vs atypical vertebrae: Answer: Typical: Contains a vertebral body
,2
Atypical: Doesn't contain a vertebral body
How are the facets for cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine oriented? Answer:
Cervicale: Oriented horizontally; allowing fair amount of movement in each
direction
Thoracic: One overlaps the other; allows all movement but more rotational
because the facet joints can slide over each other.
Lumbar: Oriented in a sagittal plane; allows a lot of flexion/extension but not
so much rotation
As we go down the spine, what happens to the vertebral body? Answer: it gets
bigger
what is the anatomy, function and type of joints for intervertebral discs?
Answer: Anatomy:
Lies between vertebral bodies, consists of annulus fibrosis, and nucleus
pulposus.
Function:
Cushioning and Stability
Joints:
fibrocartilaginous joint; found between disc and vertebral body
,3
Synovial joint; facet joint( 4 per vertebrae)
What happens with each layer of Annulus fibers? Answer: With each layer, the
orientation of the collagen fibers changes; making the annulus fibrosis stronger
what is the difference between the anterior and posterior side of the annulus
fibrosis? Answer: its thicker anteriorly and thinner posteriorly.
Which layer of the annulus fibrosis receives nerve and blood supply? Answer:
The outer most layer
Annulus fibrosis when bending and rotating...? Answer: Allows for
compression of the disc when bending.
Tightens up when rotating
Describe the behavior of the nucleus pulposus. Answer: Nucleus pulposus is
like a liquid and is not compressible.
applied force creates outward radial pressure in all directions inside the disk.
Why does the nucleus pulposus have a high water content? Answer: Because its
filled up with proteoglycan fibers that are proteins fibers and hydrophilic. They
draw water into the disk.
How do different body postures affect compressive and tensile forces on the
intervertebral disc? Answer: Different body postures significantly change the
compressive load on the disc and the tensile stress in the annulus fibrosus.
Supine has the lowest load
, 4
Standing and sitting increase compression
Bending and loading (especially when sitting and
slumped) cause the highest compression and tension
During each posture, which is more, compression or tension? Answer: Tension
Type of ligaments in the spine and their functions. Answer: Anterior/Posterior
longitudinal ligament:
Connects the vertebral bodies.
Ligamenta flava:
Connects the laminae
Intertransverse ligaments:
Connects transverse processes
Interspinous/supraspinous
Connects Spinous processes
Muscles in the spine. Answer: Erector spinae - superficial
transversospinalis - deep
Bpk 241 Questions with Answers (100%
Correct Answers)
What are the types of vertebrae in the body? Answer: 7 - Cervicals
12 - Thoracic
5 - Lumbar
5 - sacral
coccyx
what part of the spine develops lordotic curves? Answer: Cervical and Lumbar
what part of the spine develops Kyphotic curves? Answer: Thoracic and Sacral
How many vertebrae are there? also how many true/false Answer: 33 -
vertebrae
24 - true
9 - false
Features of the spine are: Answer: Spinous process
Transverse process
Pedicle
Lamina
vertebral body
Facet joints
What are C1 and C2 of the spine called? Answer: Atlas and axis
typical vs atypical vertebrae: Answer: Typical: Contains a vertebral body
,2
Atypical: Doesn't contain a vertebral body
How are the facets for cervical, thoracic and lumbar spine oriented? Answer:
Cervicale: Oriented horizontally; allowing fair amount of movement in each
direction
Thoracic: One overlaps the other; allows all movement but more rotational
because the facet joints can slide over each other.
Lumbar: Oriented in a sagittal plane; allows a lot of flexion/extension but not
so much rotation
As we go down the spine, what happens to the vertebral body? Answer: it gets
bigger
what is the anatomy, function and type of joints for intervertebral discs?
Answer: Anatomy:
Lies between vertebral bodies, consists of annulus fibrosis, and nucleus
pulposus.
Function:
Cushioning and Stability
Joints:
fibrocartilaginous joint; found between disc and vertebral body
,3
Synovial joint; facet joint( 4 per vertebrae)
What happens with each layer of Annulus fibers? Answer: With each layer, the
orientation of the collagen fibers changes; making the annulus fibrosis stronger
what is the difference between the anterior and posterior side of the annulus
fibrosis? Answer: its thicker anteriorly and thinner posteriorly.
Which layer of the annulus fibrosis receives nerve and blood supply? Answer:
The outer most layer
Annulus fibrosis when bending and rotating...? Answer: Allows for
compression of the disc when bending.
Tightens up when rotating
Describe the behavior of the nucleus pulposus. Answer: Nucleus pulposus is
like a liquid and is not compressible.
applied force creates outward radial pressure in all directions inside the disk.
Why does the nucleus pulposus have a high water content? Answer: Because its
filled up with proteoglycan fibers that are proteins fibers and hydrophilic. They
draw water into the disk.
How do different body postures affect compressive and tensile forces on the
intervertebral disc? Answer: Different body postures significantly change the
compressive load on the disc and the tensile stress in the annulus fibrosus.
Supine has the lowest load
, 4
Standing and sitting increase compression
Bending and loading (especially when sitting and
slumped) cause the highest compression and tension
During each posture, which is more, compression or tension? Answer: Tension
Type of ligaments in the spine and their functions. Answer: Anterior/Posterior
longitudinal ligament:
Connects the vertebral bodies.
Ligamenta flava:
Connects the laminae
Intertransverse ligaments:
Connects transverse processes
Interspinous/supraspinous
Connects Spinous processes
Muscles in the spine. Answer: Erector spinae - superficial
transversospinalis - deep
