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Exam (elaborations)

PAT 401 - MIDTERM 1 Latest Edition (2026/2027) with Verified Answers

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This document contains questions and verified answers for PAT 401 - MIDTERM 1 . It includes detailed explanations, revision-focused content, and exam preparation material suitable for 2026/2027 students.

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PAT 401 - MIDTERM 1


On, vitamins


nutrients in secondary brain harm
severely critical in extreme TBI, initiated 24 hours after damage


long-term recover and mortality in secondary mind harm is motivated through
pneumonia, fever, infection, immobility causing in addition injury and delayed restore


secondary mind damage examples
hypotension, reduced CPP, hypoxia, ischemia, impaired vehicle law,edema, ICP,
inflammation, neuronal loss of life


osmotic diuretic utilized in head trauma
mannitol


what's mannitol
osmotic diuretic performing on proximal tube and loop of consequently to create pressure
that draws water into nephron growing excretion of electrolytes


is mannitol hypotonic
no, hypertonic


symptoms of mannitol
lessen ICP in head trauma, prevents and treats AKI, lowers stress in glaucoma


mechanisms of movement in mannitol
will increase osmolarity of plasma, pulls water out reduced water and sodium absorption,
selling diuresis


favored impact of mannitol
pulls fluid out of brain, lowering cerebral edema and lowering stress

, adverse results of mannitol
fluid and electrolyte imbalance, HF, pulmonary edema, hypovolemia, dehydration,
tachycardia


focal mind damage
influences one vicinity of the mind


types of focal brain damage
coup, countercoup, contusions, epidural hematoma, subdural hematoma, intracerebral
hematoma, subarachnoid hemorrhage


is countercoup a harm or mechanisms
mechanism of injury


examples of focal brain injury
scalp harm, cranium fracture, contusion, hemorrhage


types of hemorrhage in focal mind damage
epidural, subdural, intracerebral, and subarachonoid


focal damage bills for?
2/three head injury deaths


coup harm
damage on the web page of effect


contrecoup harm
harm from mind rebounding and hitting contrary facet of skull, axons sheer = contusions


contusions
pressure of impact inflicting leaking of blood and bruising of the mind


sorts of contusions
epidural (extradural) hematoma, subdural hematoma, intracerebral hematoma


manifestations of contusions

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