RNSG 2539 FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
100% VERRIFIED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
causes of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Blood loss
| | | | | | | |
● Inadequate RBC production (hypoproliferative) ● Increased RBC destruction
| | | | | | | | |
(hemolytic) |
● Deficiency of necessary components such as folic acid, iron, erythropoietin,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and/or vitamin B12
| |
anemia risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-acute or chronic blood loss,
| | | | | | | | | |
increased hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow
| | | | | | | | |
suppression, age |
anemia expected findings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Possibly asymptomatic in
| | | | | | | | |
mild cases
| |
● Pallor
|
● Fatigue
| |
● Irritability
| |
● Numbness and tingling of extremities
| | | | | |
● Dyspnea on exertion
| | | |
● Sensitivity to cold
| | | |
● Pain and hypoxia with sickle-cell crisis
| | | | | |
,Anemia physical assessment findings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Shortness of
| | | | | | | | |
breath/fatigue, especially upon exertion | | | |
● Tachycardia and palpitations
| | | |
● Dizziness or syncope upon standing or with exertion
| | | | | | | | |
● Pallor with pale nail beds and mucous membranes
| | | | | | | | |
● Nail bed deformities (spoon-shaped nails)
| | | | | |
● Smooth, sore, bright-red tongue (vitamin B12 deficiency
| | | | | | |
Anemia: Laboratory Tests - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CBC count
| | | | | |
RBC indices
|
Iron studies
|
Hgb electrophoresis
|
Sickle-cell test |
Schilling test |
Anemia diagnostic tests - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bone marrow biopsy
| | | | | | |
Anemia nursing care - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Encourage increased dietary intake
| | | | | | | | |
of the deficient nutrient (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid).
| | | | | | | |
● Monitor oxygen saturation to determine a need for oxygen therapy.
| | | | | | | | | | |
● Administer medications, as prescribed, at the proper time for optimal
| | | | | | | | | | |
absorption, and using an appropriate technique.
| | | | | |
● Teach the client and family about energy conservation in the client and the risk
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of the client experiencing dizziness upon standing.
| | | | | | |
,● Teach the client about the time frame for resolution.
| | | | | | | | |
Anemia Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Iron supplements (Ferrous sulfate,
| | | | | | | |
ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate)
| | | |
- Erythropoietin: epoetin alfa
| | | |
- Vitamin B12 supplementation (cyanocobalamin
| | | |
- Folic acid supplements
| | |
Iron supplements (Ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate) -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Oral iron supplements are used to replenish serum iron
| | | | | | | | | | |
and iron stores. Iron is an essential component of Hgb, and subsequently, oxygen
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
transport.
● Parenteral iron supplements (iron dextran) are only given for severe anemia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Administer parenteral iron using the Z-track method
| | | | | | | |
CLIENT EDUCATION | |
● Instruct to have hemoglobin checked in 4 to 6 weeks to determine efficacy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
● Vitamin C can increase oral iron absorption.
| | | | | | | |
● Instruct the client to take iron supplements between meals to increase
| | | | | | | | | | | |
absorption, if tolerated. | | |
● Inform the client stools can appear green to black in color while taking iron
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Erythropoietin: epoetin alfa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A hematopoietic growth
| | | | | | | |
factor used to increase productionof RBCs
| | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |
● Monitor for an increase in blood pressure.
| | | | | | |
, ● Monitor Hgb and Hct twice per week.
| | | | | | |
● Monitor for a cardiovascular event if Hgb increases too rapidly (greater than 1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
g/dL in 2 weeks).
| | |
CLIENT EDUCATION: | |
Reinforce the importance of having Hgb and Hct evaluated on a twice-per-week
| | | | | | | | | | | |
basis until targeted levels are reached.
| | | | |
Vitamin B12 supplementation (cyanocobalamin) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-●
| | | | | | |
Vitamin B12 is necessary to convert folic acid from its inactive form to its active
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
form. All cells rely on folic acid for DNA production.
| | | | | | | | |
● Vitamin B12 supplementation can be given orally if the deficit is due to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
inadequate dietary intake. However, if deficiency is due to lack of intrinsic factor
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
being produced by the parietal cells of the stomach or malabsorption syndrome,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
it must be administered parenterally or intranasally to be absorbed.
| | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | |
● Administer vitamin B12 according to appropriate route related to cause of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
vitamin B12 anemia (parenteral vs. oral).
| | | | | |
● Administer parenteral forms of vitamin B12 IM or deep subcutaneous to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
decrease irritation. Do not mix other medications in the syringe.
| | | | | | | | | |
CLIENT EDUCATION | |
● Clients who lack intrinsic factor or have an irreversible-malabsorption syndrome
| | | | | | | | | |
should be informed that this therapy must be continued for the rest of their life.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
● A client should receive vitamin B12 injections on a monthly basis
| | | | | | | | | | |
Folic Acid Supplements - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Folic acid is a water-soluble,
| | | | | | | | | |
B-complex vitamin. It is necessary for the production of new RBCs.
| | | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: |
100% VERRIFIED COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
causes of anemia - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Blood loss
| | | | | | | |
● Inadequate RBC production (hypoproliferative) ● Increased RBC destruction
| | | | | | | | |
(hemolytic) |
● Deficiency of necessary components such as folic acid, iron, erythropoietin,
| | | | | | | | | | |
and/or vitamin B12
| |
anemia risk factors - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-acute or chronic blood loss,
| | | | | | | | | |
increased hemolysis, inadequate dietary intake or malabsorption, bone marrow
| | | | | | | | |
suppression, age |
anemia expected findings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Possibly asymptomatic in
| | | | | | | | |
mild cases
| |
● Pallor
|
● Fatigue
| |
● Irritability
| |
● Numbness and tingling of extremities
| | | | | |
● Dyspnea on exertion
| | | |
● Sensitivity to cold
| | | |
● Pain and hypoxia with sickle-cell crisis
| | | | | |
,Anemia physical assessment findings - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Shortness of
| | | | | | | | |
breath/fatigue, especially upon exertion | | | |
● Tachycardia and palpitations
| | | |
● Dizziness or syncope upon standing or with exertion
| | | | | | | | |
● Pallor with pale nail beds and mucous membranes
| | | | | | | | |
● Nail bed deformities (spoon-shaped nails)
| | | | | |
● Smooth, sore, bright-red tongue (vitamin B12 deficiency
| | | | | | |
Anemia: Laboratory Tests - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-CBC count
| | | | | |
RBC indices
|
Iron studies
|
Hgb electrophoresis
|
Sickle-cell test |
Schilling test |
Anemia diagnostic tests - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-bone marrow biopsy
| | | | | | |
Anemia nursing care - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Encourage increased dietary intake
| | | | | | | | |
of the deficient nutrient (iron, vitamin B12, folic acid).
| | | | | | | |
● Monitor oxygen saturation to determine a need for oxygen therapy.
| | | | | | | | | | |
● Administer medications, as prescribed, at the proper time for optimal
| | | | | | | | | | |
absorption, and using an appropriate technique.
| | | | | |
● Teach the client and family about energy conservation in the client and the risk
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
of the client experiencing dizziness upon standing.
| | | | | | |
,● Teach the client about the time frame for resolution.
| | | | | | | | |
Anemia Medications - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-- Iron supplements (Ferrous sulfate,
| | | | | | | |
ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate)
| | | |
- Erythropoietin: epoetin alfa
| | | |
- Vitamin B12 supplementation (cyanocobalamin
| | | |
- Folic acid supplements
| | |
Iron supplements (Ferrous sulfate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous gluconate) -
| | | | | | | | |
CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-● Oral iron supplements are used to replenish serum iron
| | | | | | | | | | |
and iron stores. Iron is an essential component of Hgb, and subsequently, oxygen
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
transport.
● Parenteral iron supplements (iron dextran) are only given for severe anemia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: Administer parenteral iron using the Z-track method
| | | | | | | |
CLIENT EDUCATION | |
● Instruct to have hemoglobin checked in 4 to 6 weeks to determine efficacy.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
● Vitamin C can increase oral iron absorption.
| | | | | | | |
● Instruct the client to take iron supplements between meals to increase
| | | | | | | | | | | |
absorption, if tolerated. | | |
● Inform the client stools can appear green to black in color while taking iron
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Erythropoietin: epoetin alfa - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-A hematopoietic growth
| | | | | | | |
factor used to increase productionof RBCs
| | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS |
● Monitor for an increase in blood pressure.
| | | | | | |
, ● Monitor Hgb and Hct twice per week.
| | | | | | |
● Monitor for a cardiovascular event if Hgb increases too rapidly (greater than 1
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
g/dL in 2 weeks).
| | |
CLIENT EDUCATION: | |
Reinforce the importance of having Hgb and Hct evaluated on a twice-per-week
| | | | | | | | | | | |
basis until targeted levels are reached.
| | | | |
Vitamin B12 supplementation (cyanocobalamin) - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-●
| | | | | | |
Vitamin B12 is necessary to convert folic acid from its inactive form to its active
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
form. All cells rely on folic acid for DNA production.
| | | | | | | | |
● Vitamin B12 supplementation can be given orally if the deficit is due to
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
inadequate dietary intake. However, if deficiency is due to lack of intrinsic factor
| | | | | | | | | | | | |
being produced by the parietal cells of the stomach or malabsorption syndrome,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
it must be administered parenterally or intranasally to be absorbed.
| | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS | |
● Administer vitamin B12 according to appropriate route related to cause of
| | | | | | | | | | | |
vitamin B12 anemia (parenteral vs. oral).
| | | | | |
● Administer parenteral forms of vitamin B12 IM or deep subcutaneous to
| | | | | | | | | | | |
decrease irritation. Do not mix other medications in the syringe.
| | | | | | | | | |
CLIENT EDUCATION | |
● Clients who lack intrinsic factor or have an irreversible-malabsorption syndrome
| | | | | | | | | |
should be informed that this therapy must be continued for the rest of their life.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
● A client should receive vitamin B12 injections on a monthly basis
| | | | | | | | | | |
Folic Acid Supplements - CORRECT ANSWER✔✔-Folic acid is a water-soluble,
| | | | | | | | | |
B-complex vitamin. It is necessary for the production of new RBCs.
| | | | | | | | | |
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS: |
