lOMoARcPSD|13083673
lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 1
a
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs
i
th
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICALPRACTICE
1.
A)
B)
The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
fever.
fatigue.
u C)
D)
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
redness.
granuloma.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
bleeding.
congestion.
pale skin.
coolness. b
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 2
ia
A)
B)
C)
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
step in the process?
Engulfment
Intracellular killing
Antigen margination
th D)
A)
B)
C)
5.
Recognition and adherence
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
permeability and pain?
Serotonin
Histamine
Bradykinin
u D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
6.
7.
Nitric oxide
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
Serous
Fibrinous
Suppurative
Membranous
b
The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
of inflammation and includes:
A) fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
which of the following phenomena?
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 3
ia
A)
B)
C)
D)
Profuse fibrinous exudation
A shift to the left of granulocytes
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
th A)
B)
C)
D)
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
stabilize thermal control in the brain.
produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
block viral replication in cells.
inhibit prostaglandin release.
u 10
A)
B)
C)
D)
11
.
.
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
Chemotaxis
Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
Phagocytosis of cellular debris
b
Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
experiencing chronic inflammation?
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 4
ia B)
C)
D)
13
.
38.0C (100.4F)
35.5C (95.9F)
37.3C (99.1F)
A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
th A)
B)
C)
D)
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
Reduced exhalation of warmed air
Contraction of pilomotor muscles
Decreased urine production
u 14
A)
B)
C)
D)
15
.
.
An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
most likely the primary cause of her request?
Evaporation and conduction
Radiation and convection
Conduction and convection
Convection and evaporation
b
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
A) Acute inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
. developing a neurogenic fever?
lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 1
a
Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for
Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs
i
th
Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICALPRACTICE
1.
A)
B)
The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
fever.
fatigue.
u C)
D)
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
redness.
granuloma.
The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
bleeding.
congestion.
pale skin.
coolness. b
3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
numbers?
A) Basophils
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 2
ia
A)
B)
C)
4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
step in the process?
Engulfment
Intracellular killing
Antigen margination
th D)
A)
B)
C)
5.
Recognition and adherence
Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
permeability and pain?
Serotonin
Histamine
Bradykinin
u D)
A)
B)
C)
D)
6.
7.
Nitric oxide
Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
Serous
Fibrinous
Suppurative
Membranous
b
The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
of inflammation and includes:
A) fever and lethargy.
B) decreased C-reactive protein.
C) positive nitrogen balance.
D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
which of the following phenomena?
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 3
ia
A)
B)
C)
D)
Profuse fibrinous exudation
A shift to the left of granulocytes
Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis
Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages
th A)
B)
C)
D)
9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
stabilize thermal control in the brain.
produce leukocytosis and anorexia.
block viral replication in cells.
inhibit prostaglandin release.
u 10
A)
B)
C)
D)
11
.
.
An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
in the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
occur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces
Chemotaxis
Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium
Phagocytosis of cellular debris
b
Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
experiencing chronic inflammation?
A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
.
A) 35.9C (96.6F)
, lOMoARcPSD|13083673
Test Bank Advanced Physiology and Pathophysiology Essentials for Clinical Practice 1st Edition Tkacs 4
ia B)
C)
D)
13
.
38.0C (100.4F)
35.5C (95.9F)
37.3C (99.1F)
A postsurgical patient who is recovering in the postanesthetic recovery unit
states that she is freezing cold. Which of the following measures is likely to
th A)
B)
C)
D)
be initiated in the patients hypothalamus in an effort to reduce heat loss?
Opening of arteriovenous (AV) shunts
Reduced exhalation of warmed air
Contraction of pilomotor muscles
Decreased urine production
u 14
A)
B)
C)
D)
15
.
.
An elderly patient is dressed only in a hospital gown and complains of a
draft in her room. Consequently, she has requested a warm blanket while she
sits in her wheelchair. Which of the following mechanisms of heat loss is
most likely the primary cause of her request?
Evaporation and conduction
Radiation and convection
Conduction and convection
Convection and evaporation
b
Which of the following pathophysiologic processes are capable of inducing
the production of pyrogens? Select all that apply.
A) Acute inflammation
B) Obesity
C) Myocardial infarction
D) Malignancy
E) Renal failure
16 Which of the following patients is most likely to be susceptible to
. developing a neurogenic fever?
