1|Page
BIO 151 Final Exam 2025 – General Biology I
Practice Test, Study Guide & Answer Key
Ace your BIO 151 Final Exam with this complete General Biology I study guide and practice
test. Includes detailed exam questions, answers, and key biology concepts covering cell
structure, genetics, evolution, and metabolism. Perfect for college biology students preparing for
finals in 2025.
BIO 151 Final Exam 2025,
General Biology I Final Exam,
BIO 151 study guide,
BIO 151 practice test,
college biology final exam,
The release of renin by the kidneys is primarily triggered by:
A) High blood pressure
B) Low blood oxygen levels
C) Low blood sodium levels
D) Dehydration - ANSWER-Answer: C) Low blood sodium levels
Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels to stimulate erythropoiesis?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Angiotensin II
D) Cortisol - ANSWER-Answer: B) Erythropoietin
In which part of the nephron does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur?
,2|Page
A) Glomerulus
B) Loop of Henle
C) Proximal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct - ANSWER-Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule
The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron loop is important for:
A) Sodium and potassium secretion
B) Concentrating urine
C) Active transport of glucose
D) Filtration of large proteins - ANSWER-Answer: B) Concentrating urine
What does the term "glomerular filtration rate" (GFR) refer to?
A) The rate at which urine is produced
B) The rate at which blood is filtered through the kidneys
C) The rate at which glucose is absorbed in the renal tubules
D) The rate at which water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream - ANSWER-Answer: B) The rate at which
blood is filtered through the kidneys
Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of sodium and water?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct - ANSWER-Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is a buffer system that helps maintain blood pH in the kidneys?
A) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer
B) Hemoglobin buffer system
C) Phosphate buffer system
D) Both A and C - ANSWER-Answer: D) Both A and C
,3|Page
Which of the following forces drives fluid into the glomerular capsule during filtration?
A) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
C) Capsule hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)
D) Osmotic pressure from the blood - ANSWER-Answer: A) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
Which of the following is true about the relationship between blood pressure and filtration?
A) Increased blood pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
B) Decreased blood pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
C) Blood pressure has no effect on glomerular filtration rate
D) Increased blood pressure decreases glomerular filtration rate - ANSWER-Answer: A) Increased blood
pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
Aldosterone primarily affects which part of the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle - ANSWER-Answer: B) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
Which of the following is the major anion that plays a key role in maintaining the osmotic balance in the
kidney?
A) Bicarbonate
B) Chloride
C) Phosphate
D) Potassium - ANSWER-Answer: B) Chloride
What is the role of the vasa recta in renal physiology?
, 4|Page
A) Reabsorb water and salts from the renal medulla
B) Deliver oxygen to kidney tissues
C) Provide nutrients to the kidneys
D) Filter out waste products from the blood - ANSWER-Answer: A) Reabsorb water and salts from the
renal medulla
The effect of ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) on blood pressure is:
A) To increase blood volume and raise blood pressure
B) To reduce sodium reabsorption, lowering blood volume and blood pressure
C) To constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure
D) To promote the release of renin, raising blood pressure - ANSWER-Answer: B) To reduce sodium
reabsorption, lowering blood volume and blood pressure
The process of tubular secretion primarily occurs in which part of the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
D) Glomerulus - ANSWER-Answer: C) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
In the kidneys, the secretion of hydrogen ions is important for:
A) Maintaining blood pH balance
B) Reabsorbing sodium
C) Secreting waste products
D) Filtrating glucose - ANSWER-Answer: A) Maintaining blood pH balance
What effect does a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have on urine output?
A) Increases urine output
B) Decreases urine output
C) No effect on urine output
BIO 151 Final Exam 2025 – General Biology I
Practice Test, Study Guide & Answer Key
Ace your BIO 151 Final Exam with this complete General Biology I study guide and practice
test. Includes detailed exam questions, answers, and key biology concepts covering cell
structure, genetics, evolution, and metabolism. Perfect for college biology students preparing for
finals in 2025.
BIO 151 Final Exam 2025,
General Biology I Final Exam,
BIO 151 study guide,
BIO 151 practice test,
college biology final exam,
The release of renin by the kidneys is primarily triggered by:
A) High blood pressure
B) Low blood oxygen levels
C) Low blood sodium levels
D) Dehydration - ANSWER-Answer: C) Low blood sodium levels
Which hormone is secreted by the kidneys in response to low oxygen levels to stimulate erythropoiesis?
A) Renin
B) Erythropoietin
C) Angiotensin II
D) Cortisol - ANSWER-Answer: B) Erythropoietin
In which part of the nephron does the majority of sodium reabsorption occur?
,2|Page
A) Glomerulus
B) Loop of Henle
C) Proximal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct - ANSWER-Answer: C) Proximal convoluted tubule
The countercurrent mechanism in the nephron loop is important for:
A) Sodium and potassium secretion
B) Concentrating urine
C) Active transport of glucose
D) Filtration of large proteins - ANSWER-Answer: B) Concentrating urine
What does the term "glomerular filtration rate" (GFR) refer to?
A) The rate at which urine is produced
B) The rate at which blood is filtered through the kidneys
C) The rate at which glucose is absorbed in the renal tubules
D) The rate at which water is reabsorbed into the bloodstream - ANSWER-Answer: B) The rate at which
blood is filtered through the kidneys
Which part of the nephron is primarily involved in the reabsorption of sodium and water?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule
D) Collecting duct - ANSWER-Answer: A) Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is a buffer system that helps maintain blood pH in the kidneys?
A) Carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer
B) Hemoglobin buffer system
C) Phosphate buffer system
D) Both A and C - ANSWER-Answer: D) Both A and C
,3|Page
Which of the following forces drives fluid into the glomerular capsule during filtration?
A) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
B) Blood colloid osmotic pressure (BCOP)
C) Capsule hydrostatic pressure (CsHP)
D) Osmotic pressure from the blood - ANSWER-Answer: A) Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHP)
Which of the following is true about the relationship between blood pressure and filtration?
A) Increased blood pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
B) Decreased blood pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
C) Blood pressure has no effect on glomerular filtration rate
D) Increased blood pressure decreases glomerular filtration rate - ANSWER-Answer: A) Increased blood
pressure increases glomerular filtration rate
Aldosterone primarily affects which part of the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
C) Glomerulus
D) Loop of Henle - ANSWER-Answer: B) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
Which of the following is the major anion that plays a key role in maintaining the osmotic balance in the
kidney?
A) Bicarbonate
B) Chloride
C) Phosphate
D) Potassium - ANSWER-Answer: B) Chloride
What is the role of the vasa recta in renal physiology?
, 4|Page
A) Reabsorb water and salts from the renal medulla
B) Deliver oxygen to kidney tissues
C) Provide nutrients to the kidneys
D) Filter out waste products from the blood - ANSWER-Answer: A) Reabsorb water and salts from the
renal medulla
The effect of ANP (Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) on blood pressure is:
A) To increase blood volume and raise blood pressure
B) To reduce sodium reabsorption, lowering blood volume and blood pressure
C) To constrict blood vessels and raise blood pressure
D) To promote the release of renin, raising blood pressure - ANSWER-Answer: B) To reduce sodium
reabsorption, lowering blood volume and blood pressure
The process of tubular secretion primarily occurs in which part of the nephron?
A) Proximal convoluted tubule
B) Loop of Henle
C) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
D) Glomerulus - ANSWER-Answer: C) Distal convoluted tubule and collecting ducts
In the kidneys, the secretion of hydrogen ions is important for:
A) Maintaining blood pH balance
B) Reabsorbing sodium
C) Secreting waste products
D) Filtrating glucose - ANSWER-Answer: A) Maintaining blood pH balance
What effect does a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) have on urine output?
A) Increases urine output
B) Decreases urine output
C) No effect on urine output
