lOMoARcPSD|17706574
D441 Pharmacology OA Study Guide
Medical Dosage Calculations and Pharmacology (Western Governors University)
Scan to open on Studocu
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, lOMoARcPSD|17706574
RESPIRATORY
NAME ACTION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists MOA: Binds to beta2 receptors in AlbuTerol: Insomnia and difficulty Albuterol
the lungs, causing bronchodilation sleeping ● Shake IT before you take IT
● Albuterol ● Common SEs - 3 T’s: ● If not working after 3 doses
● Salmeterol (NOT a rescue Albuterol: FIRST drug used during Tachycardia & palpitations, → NOTIFY HCP!!!
inhaler) SEVERE asthma attacks Tremor, Toss & Turning at ● Waiting at least one minute
● THE ONLY “rescue inhaler” night between puffs improves drug
Eating salmon can help you live a ● Before steroid inhaler!! ○ Does not usually effectiveness
LONG life. Salmeterol is ○ S - Salmeterol require immediate ● Rinse mouth after using
LONG-acting. Albuterol is ○ S - Slower Acting provider notification. inhaled corticosteroids to
SHORT-acting, for Acute Asthma reduce risk of oral thrush, but
Attacks. ● Effective: AVOID: unnecessary after using
○ Decrease in RR Beta Blockers - Atenolol albuterol/salmeterol
(Ex: 34 to 24) NSAIDS - Naproxen, Ibuprofen
○ Oxygen Sat. at least Salmeterol
90% or higher ● Should be taken every 12
hours, even in absence of
symptoms
DO NOT use fluticasone or
salmeterol for first sign of acute
asthma attack; Take no more than
2x a day
PT:
● If using along w/ inhaled
glucocorticoid, use
bronchodilator first, wait 5
minutes, then use
glucocorticoid. *B before G
● Short-acting beta2 adrenergic
agonists (e.g., albuterol)-only
treatment for acute asthma
attacks! Long-acting forms
(e.g., salmeterol) only for
daily for control of asthma.
, lOMoARcPSD|17706574
Decongestants/Alpha-1 MOA: Vasoconstriction of Nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, NC: Monitor HR and BP, especially
Adrenergic Agonist respiratory tract mucosa rebound congestion (if used longer w/ IV use
than 3 days: nasal congestion ● Assess for CV conditions
● Phenylephrine Indications: Rhinitis (inflammation worsens or returns after using
● Pseudoephedrine of nasal passages) decongestant for an extended period) PT: Because of risk of rebound
congestion, use sparingly (no more
Contraindications: HTN, CAD → Leads to reduced nasal congestion, than 3 days)
use phenylephrine cautiously increased BP, and pupil dilation
Interactions: Caffeine, stimulants
→ AVOID
Antihistamines MOA: Blocks action of histamines 1st generation: sedation, NC: Implement fall precautions
anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry due to sedation
● 1st generation: Indications: Allergies, motion mouth, constipation, urinary
diphenhydramine sickness, urticaria (i.e., hives) retention, photosensitivity) PT: Do not drive or operate heavy
● 2nd generation: loratadine, machinery when taking 1st
cetirizine Contraindications: Use cautiously generation antihistamines
in patients w/ glaucoma
CARDIOVASCULAR
NAME ACTION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
ACE Inhibitors MOA: Inhibit/Block RAAS System; ACE: Angioedema NC: Monitor BP and pulse
(Lowers BP Only) 1st Choice Blocks conversion of angiotensin I (Life-threatening allergic reaction), frequently, as well as potassium and
(“-pril”) “chill pril” to angiotensin II, causing Cough, Elevated potassium, creatinine levels
vasodilation Hypotension, Dizziness, → Avoid potassium supplements or
● Lisinopril → Causes Na+ and H2O to not be Hyperkalemia, Renal impairment potassium-sparing diuretics unless
→ wo food retained, thus sodium and BP will advised by a provider
→ 12.5-25 mg 2-3x daily decrease Toxicity: Fetal toxicity • Assess patient for signs of
● Captopril angioedema
→ w/ food 10 mg once daily Indications: HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic CV: Orthostatic hypotension, (dyspnea, facial swelling).
● Enalapril Nephropathy syncope tachycardia, hypotension, → Immediately stop meds if
→ w/wo food chest pain symptoms develop!
→ 2.5-5 mg once daily Contraindications: ACE1/ARBs: CNS: Dizziness, fatigue, headache • Heart Failure: Monitor weight
● Ramipril renal artery stenosis, HF, salt or weakness and assess patient routinely for
→ w/wo 2.5 mg once daily volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, GI: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, resolution of fluid overload
● Trandolapril angioedema, pregnancy 2nd/3rd nausea, vomiting (peripheral edema, rales/crackles,
D441 Pharmacology OA Study Guide
Medical Dosage Calculations and Pharmacology (Western Governors University)
Scan to open on Studocu
Studocu is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university
Downloaded by Nicholas Marks ()
, lOMoARcPSD|17706574
RESPIRATORY
NAME ACTION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Beta2 Adrenergic Agonists MOA: Binds to beta2 receptors in AlbuTerol: Insomnia and difficulty Albuterol
the lungs, causing bronchodilation sleeping ● Shake IT before you take IT
● Albuterol ● Common SEs - 3 T’s: ● If not working after 3 doses
● Salmeterol (NOT a rescue Albuterol: FIRST drug used during Tachycardia & palpitations, → NOTIFY HCP!!!
inhaler) SEVERE asthma attacks Tremor, Toss & Turning at ● Waiting at least one minute
● THE ONLY “rescue inhaler” night between puffs improves drug
Eating salmon can help you live a ● Before steroid inhaler!! ○ Does not usually effectiveness
LONG life. Salmeterol is ○ S - Salmeterol require immediate ● Rinse mouth after using
LONG-acting. Albuterol is ○ S - Slower Acting provider notification. inhaled corticosteroids to
SHORT-acting, for Acute Asthma reduce risk of oral thrush, but
Attacks. ● Effective: AVOID: unnecessary after using
○ Decrease in RR Beta Blockers - Atenolol albuterol/salmeterol
(Ex: 34 to 24) NSAIDS - Naproxen, Ibuprofen
○ Oxygen Sat. at least Salmeterol
90% or higher ● Should be taken every 12
hours, even in absence of
symptoms
DO NOT use fluticasone or
salmeterol for first sign of acute
asthma attack; Take no more than
2x a day
PT:
● If using along w/ inhaled
glucocorticoid, use
bronchodilator first, wait 5
minutes, then use
glucocorticoid. *B before G
● Short-acting beta2 adrenergic
agonists (e.g., albuterol)-only
treatment for acute asthma
attacks! Long-acting forms
(e.g., salmeterol) only for
daily for control of asthma.
, lOMoARcPSD|17706574
Decongestants/Alpha-1 MOA: Vasoconstriction of Nervousness, palpitations, insomnia, NC: Monitor HR and BP, especially
Adrenergic Agonist respiratory tract mucosa rebound congestion (if used longer w/ IV use
than 3 days: nasal congestion ● Assess for CV conditions
● Phenylephrine Indications: Rhinitis (inflammation worsens or returns after using
● Pseudoephedrine of nasal passages) decongestant for an extended period) PT: Because of risk of rebound
congestion, use sparingly (no more
Contraindications: HTN, CAD → Leads to reduced nasal congestion, than 3 days)
use phenylephrine cautiously increased BP, and pupil dilation
Interactions: Caffeine, stimulants
→ AVOID
Antihistamines MOA: Blocks action of histamines 1st generation: sedation, NC: Implement fall precautions
anticholinergic effects (e.g., dry due to sedation
● 1st generation: Indications: Allergies, motion mouth, constipation, urinary
diphenhydramine sickness, urticaria (i.e., hives) retention, photosensitivity) PT: Do not drive or operate heavy
● 2nd generation: loratadine, machinery when taking 1st
cetirizine Contraindications: Use cautiously generation antihistamines
in patients w/ glaucoma
CARDIOVASCULAR
NAME ACTION SIDE EFFECTS NURSING IMPLICATIONS
ACE Inhibitors MOA: Inhibit/Block RAAS System; ACE: Angioedema NC: Monitor BP and pulse
(Lowers BP Only) 1st Choice Blocks conversion of angiotensin I (Life-threatening allergic reaction), frequently, as well as potassium and
(“-pril”) “chill pril” to angiotensin II, causing Cough, Elevated potassium, creatinine levels
vasodilation Hypotension, Dizziness, → Avoid potassium supplements or
● Lisinopril → Causes Na+ and H2O to not be Hyperkalemia, Renal impairment potassium-sparing diuretics unless
→ wo food retained, thus sodium and BP will advised by a provider
→ 12.5-25 mg 2-3x daily decrease Toxicity: Fetal toxicity • Assess patient for signs of
● Captopril angioedema
→ w/ food 10 mg once daily Indications: HTN, HF, MI, Diabetic CV: Orthostatic hypotension, (dyspnea, facial swelling).
● Enalapril Nephropathy syncope tachycardia, hypotension, → Immediately stop meds if
→ w/wo food chest pain symptoms develop!
→ 2.5-5 mg once daily Contraindications: ACE1/ARBs: CNS: Dizziness, fatigue, headache • Heart Failure: Monitor weight
● Ramipril renal artery stenosis, HF, salt or weakness and assess patient routinely for
→ w/wo 2.5 mg once daily volume depletion, bilateral stenosis, GI: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, resolution of fluid overload
● Trandolapril angioedema, pregnancy 2nd/3rd nausea, vomiting (peripheral edema, rales/crackles,
