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16. The cost to manufacture a typical manufactured product is 20% - 30% of the
selling price. For the mass produced product at the lower end of this range the
manufacturing cost is $0.20. These 20 cents includes material and processing costs.
Processing includes assembly in addition to producing the components. Since the blade
cost involves forming the edge in a material it is probably the highest cost part of the
razor.
So, with 20 cents to cover materials, processing and assembly, and the blade the most
expensive individual part an estimate of 2-3 cents is reasonable for the production of the
high precision (in terms of edge) blade.
The same kind of reasoning can be used with manufacturing cost being 40% of
selling cost as suggested in Problems 1 and 2.
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17. Packaging is used to protect the product from the environment, to protect the product
during shipping and to hold fixed numbers of products for sale.
18. Assembly of a binder type paper clip involves putting the formed wire handles in to
the spring steel binder part of the clip. Assembly of bicycle wheels involves putting
spokes into the wheel and hub.
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If the ingredients of the club sandwich are all in their finished state then they can be
assembled. If processing is necessary as in slicing as turkey, the entire process is more than
just assembly.
19. The physical elements of a manufacturing system are the machine tools, the tooling
like workholding devices, material handling equipment, inspection equipment and
people who actually produce the products. Manufacturing systems are characterized by
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measurable parameters (throughput time, cycle time, defect rates, production rates,
number of direct laborers, annual production volumes, etc.). Machine tools are
characterized by the size of the workpiece that can be processed or the spindle speeds
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they can be run at. Tools like dies for sheet metal forming are characterized by their
size and weight. Inspection devices have measurement resolution limits. Measurable
parameters extend past machine specifications to higher level (involving more than one
aspect of part production) descriptions of the process such as production rates. The
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manufacturing system is more than the physical elements. Support and control systems,
along with the physical elements, are combined in the manufacturing system.
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20. The manufacturing engineer is responsible for selecting or designing and overseeing
operation of the manufacturing processes. In the sense of immediate contact with
processes the manufacturing engineer is often the center of “making the product”.
However, the decisions made by part and product designers and materials engineers have
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large influences on the kind of processes that can be used to make the part. How the part
can be made is constrained by part design and materials used. So, all individuals who
make decisions that determine manufacturing process choice should be involved in
figuring out how to make the part.
21. In Figure 1-8, the lines connecting the processes represent possible paths as material
moves through the shop – from machine-to-machine or operation-to-operation.
3
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R
TO
TU
, U
R
U
G
R
TO
TU
, U
R
U
G
R
TO
TU
, kjhgfdsjhgfd
16. The cost to manufacture a typical manufactured product is 20% - 30% of the
selling price. For the mass produced product at the lower end of this range the
manufacturing cost is $0.20. These 20 cents includes material and processing costs.
Processing includes assembly in addition to producing the components. Since the blade
cost involves forming the edge in a material it is probably the highest cost part of the
razor.
So, with 20 cents to cover materials, processing and assembly, and the blade the most
expensive individual part an estimate of 2-3 cents is reasonable for the production of the
high precision (in terms of edge) blade.
The same kind of reasoning can be used with manufacturing cost being 40% of
selling cost as suggested in Problems 1 and 2.
TU
17. Packaging is used to protect the product from the environment, to protect the product
during shipping and to hold fixed numbers of products for sale.
18. Assembly of a binder type paper clip involves putting the formed wire handles in to
the spring steel binder part of the clip. Assembly of bicycle wheels involves putting
spokes into the wheel and hub.
TO
If the ingredients of the club sandwich are all in their finished state then they can be
assembled. If processing is necessary as in slicing as turkey, the entire process is more than
just assembly.
19. The physical elements of a manufacturing system are the machine tools, the tooling
like workholding devices, material handling equipment, inspection equipment and
people who actually produce the products. Manufacturing systems are characterized by
R
measurable parameters (throughput time, cycle time, defect rates, production rates,
number of direct laborers, annual production volumes, etc.). Machine tools are
characterized by the size of the workpiece that can be processed or the spindle speeds
G
they can be run at. Tools like dies for sheet metal forming are characterized by their
size and weight. Inspection devices have measurement resolution limits. Measurable
parameters extend past machine specifications to higher level (involving more than one
aspect of part production) descriptions of the process such as production rates. The
U
manufacturing system is more than the physical elements. Support and control systems,
along with the physical elements, are combined in the manufacturing system.
R
20. The manufacturing engineer is responsible for selecting or designing and overseeing
operation of the manufacturing processes. In the sense of immediate contact with
processes the manufacturing engineer is often the center of “making the product”.
However, the decisions made by part and product designers and materials engineers have
U
large influences on the kind of processes that can be used to make the part. How the part
can be made is constrained by part design and materials used. So, all individuals who
make decisions that determine manufacturing process choice should be involved in
figuring out how to make the part.
21. In Figure 1-8, the lines connecting the processes represent possible paths as material
moves through the shop – from machine-to-machine or operation-to-operation.
3
