NSC 830 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
Narrow Specturm - Answer -Treat limited # of organisms, Less likely to disrupt normal
flora, organism identified.
Broad Specturm - Answer -Treats multiple organisms, more likely to disrupt normal
flora, causative agent unknown.
Why would you select abx? - Answer -Is antimicrobial therapy indicated, make a clinical
diagnosis, collection of specimens for a cx or lab test, make microbial diagnosis, select
drug.
Extended spectrum - Answer -treats multiple organisms, more likely to disrupt normal
flora, used when causative organism is unknown.
Gram positive - Answer -Purple, thick layer
Example of gram positive - Answer -Group A beta-strep
Strep PNA
Gram negative - Answer -Red or pink, thin layer
Example of gram negative - Answer -H. Influenza
N. Gonoccocus
Atypical Organism - Answer -colorless, no layer
Example of Atypical organism - Answer -Macrolides- erythromycins
True or False: Atypical bacteria are resistent to becta-lactum abx - Answer -True
Risk factors for Drug Resistant Strep PNA (DRSP) - Answer -Recent abx use
Older >65
Multiple Comorbidtities ( COPD, DM, HF, renal failure)
Daycare worker
Alcoholism
Immunosuppressed (including chronic steroid use >10 mg/day long term).
Treatment for Drug Resistant Strep PNA - Answer -High dose amoxicillin 3-4g/day
Respiratory fluoroquinolones: moxifloxican, gemifloxican, levofloxacin.
Tehlithromycin: use limited due to hepatoxicity
Factors to determine when selecting an abx... - Answer -Allergy history (PCN- risk of
cross allergy with cephalosporins)
Age- (Renal function- neonates and elderly)
Pregnancy
, Immunocompromised status
Affordability
Taste and convenience
What are 2 abx contraindicated in pregnancy? - Answer -tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolone
Do immunocompromised patients get bactericidal or baceriostiatic? - Answer -
Bactericidals
What are bactericidals? - Answer -Kills bacteria
What are bacteriostatic? - Answer -Restrains production of bacteria. The patient needs
a good immune system.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Answer -Min. Amount of abx used to inhibit
growth of bacteria. Abx usually dosed 2-4 times MIC
Teaching the patient to ..... - Answer -Take ALL of medication
May need back up birth control and for 7 days after.
Report signs of allergic reaction (SOA, Wheezing, rash)
General side effects of abx - Answer -Hypersensitivity: (allergic reaction-rash, itching,
LBP, wheezing, SOA).
Diarrhea: make sure to report blood, mucous
Superinfection: Due to disruption of normal flora (oral thrush, yeast infection)
True or False: Is extended care more likely to cause diarrhea? - Answer -True
Examples of Beta-Lactam Abx? - Answer -PCN & Cephalosporins
What do Beta-Lactam abx have on them? - Answer -A ring- that works by disrupting the
biosynthesis of the cell wall.
Intact ring is essential for antibacterial activity? True or False - Answer -True
True or false- A beta-lactamase inhibitor can be combine with an abx to form a beta-
lactamase resistant compound? - Answer -True
What are some examples of beta-lactamate inhibitors? - Answer -Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam
Sulbactam
What is an example of a beta-lactamate compound? - Answer -Augmentin= amoxicillin
+ clavulanic acid
Narrow Specturm - Answer -Treat limited # of organisms, Less likely to disrupt normal
flora, organism identified.
Broad Specturm - Answer -Treats multiple organisms, more likely to disrupt normal
flora, causative agent unknown.
Why would you select abx? - Answer -Is antimicrobial therapy indicated, make a clinical
diagnosis, collection of specimens for a cx or lab test, make microbial diagnosis, select
drug.
Extended spectrum - Answer -treats multiple organisms, more likely to disrupt normal
flora, used when causative organism is unknown.
Gram positive - Answer -Purple, thick layer
Example of gram positive - Answer -Group A beta-strep
Strep PNA
Gram negative - Answer -Red or pink, thin layer
Example of gram negative - Answer -H. Influenza
N. Gonoccocus
Atypical Organism - Answer -colorless, no layer
Example of Atypical organism - Answer -Macrolides- erythromycins
True or False: Atypical bacteria are resistent to becta-lactum abx - Answer -True
Risk factors for Drug Resistant Strep PNA (DRSP) - Answer -Recent abx use
Older >65
Multiple Comorbidtities ( COPD, DM, HF, renal failure)
Daycare worker
Alcoholism
Immunosuppressed (including chronic steroid use >10 mg/day long term).
Treatment for Drug Resistant Strep PNA - Answer -High dose amoxicillin 3-4g/day
Respiratory fluoroquinolones: moxifloxican, gemifloxican, levofloxacin.
Tehlithromycin: use limited due to hepatoxicity
Factors to determine when selecting an abx... - Answer -Allergy history (PCN- risk of
cross allergy with cephalosporins)
Age- (Renal function- neonates and elderly)
Pregnancy
, Immunocompromised status
Affordability
Taste and convenience
What are 2 abx contraindicated in pregnancy? - Answer -tetracyclines
Fluoroquinolone
Do immunocompromised patients get bactericidal or baceriostiatic? - Answer -
Bactericidals
What are bactericidals? - Answer -Kills bacteria
What are bacteriostatic? - Answer -Restrains production of bacteria. The patient needs
a good immune system.
Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) - Answer -Min. Amount of abx used to inhibit
growth of bacteria. Abx usually dosed 2-4 times MIC
Teaching the patient to ..... - Answer -Take ALL of medication
May need back up birth control and for 7 days after.
Report signs of allergic reaction (SOA, Wheezing, rash)
General side effects of abx - Answer -Hypersensitivity: (allergic reaction-rash, itching,
LBP, wheezing, SOA).
Diarrhea: make sure to report blood, mucous
Superinfection: Due to disruption of normal flora (oral thrush, yeast infection)
True or False: Is extended care more likely to cause diarrhea? - Answer -True
Examples of Beta-Lactam Abx? - Answer -PCN & Cephalosporins
What do Beta-Lactam abx have on them? - Answer -A ring- that works by disrupting the
biosynthesis of the cell wall.
Intact ring is essential for antibacterial activity? True or False - Answer -True
True or false- A beta-lactamase inhibitor can be combine with an abx to form a beta-
lactamase resistant compound? - Answer -True
What are some examples of beta-lactamate inhibitors? - Answer -Clavulanic acid
Tazobactam
Sulbactam
What is an example of a beta-lactamate compound? - Answer -Augmentin= amoxicillin
+ clavulanic acid
