AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY EXAMINATION
TEST PACKAGE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
⩥ demographic transition model. Answer: model of how the size of a
population changes as a country develops its economy
stage 1- high cbr, cdr (zero nir)
stage 2- high cbr, rapidly decreasing cdr (high nir)
stage 3- rapidly decreasing cbr, decreasing cdr
stage 4- low cbr, cdr (zero population growth)
stage 5- low cbr, slightly higher cdr (decreasing population)
⩥ epidemiologic transition model. Answer: model of the causes of death
in each stage of the DTM
stage 1- famine, plague, infectious diseases, no medicine
stage 2- receding pandemics, improved sanitation/medicine
stage 3- chronic disorders, human-created diseases instead of natural
deaths
stage 4- degenerative diseases, improved life choices yet obesity
stage 5- diseases resistant to medication, faster spread with
globalization/urbanization/poverty
,⩥ pandemic. Answer: an epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic
area and affects a very high proportion of the population
⩥ epidemic. Answer: widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
⩥ economic sectors. Answer: primary- extract raw materials from the
Earth
secondary- manufacturers/construction that process raw materials
tertiary- provision of goods/services for payment
quarternary- knowledge based; research/information
quinary- decisions impact lots of people
⩥ Wallerstein's World Systems Theory. Answer: power/wealth in the
economy is clustered in core countries (developed) while semi-periphery
and periphery countries (less developed) have less access
core countries take advantage of cheap labor/materials in periphery
countries; creates a cycle of exploitation where LDCs can't advance
⩥ Criticisms of Wallerstein's Theory. Answer: has limited practicality in
explaining how to develop through the stages; focused on progress
through economic development; doesn't account for international NGOs
,⩥ Brandt Line Theory/North-South Divide. Answer: spatial analysis of
development; says MDCs are in the northern hemisphere and LDCs are
in the southern hemisphere (old theory proved wrong with the
development of newly industrialized cities in the southern hemisphere)
⩥ arithmetic population density. Answer: population/land area
generalization; does not account for uneven population distribution
⩥ physiological population density. Answer: population/arable land
maximum population that can be supported without damaging the land
(overpopulated?)
⩥ agricultural population density. Answer: farmers/arable land
indicates development; more farmers per arable land means less
developed
⩥ ecumene. Answer: portion of Earth where people are settled
physical- too dry, wet, high, cold
cultural- access to education, health care, entertainment
historical- where humans sustained/flourished
⩥ demography. Answer: the study of population
, ⩥ natural increase rate. Answer: NIR/RNI; (birth rate - death rate/10);
positive NIR --> growing population, negative NIR --> shrinking
population
⩥ total fertility rate. Answer: average number of children a woman will
have
⩥ dependency ratio. Answer: number of people too old/young to work
compared to number of productive workers (youth/elderly dependency
rate)
⩥ crude birth/death rate. Answer: number of births/deaths per year per
1,000 people alive
⩥ gross domestic product. Answer: total value of goods/services in a
country's borders in one year
⩥ infant mortality rate. Answer: number of deaths among children in
their first year per 1,000 births in a year
⩥ census. Answer: official count of population; taken every 10 years
TEST PACKAGE 2026 QUESTIONS WITH
100% CORRECT ANSWERS
⩥ demographic transition model. Answer: model of how the size of a
population changes as a country develops its economy
stage 1- high cbr, cdr (zero nir)
stage 2- high cbr, rapidly decreasing cdr (high nir)
stage 3- rapidly decreasing cbr, decreasing cdr
stage 4- low cbr, cdr (zero population growth)
stage 5- low cbr, slightly higher cdr (decreasing population)
⩥ epidemiologic transition model. Answer: model of the causes of death
in each stage of the DTM
stage 1- famine, plague, infectious diseases, no medicine
stage 2- receding pandemics, improved sanitation/medicine
stage 3- chronic disorders, human-created diseases instead of natural
deaths
stage 4- degenerative diseases, improved life choices yet obesity
stage 5- diseases resistant to medication, faster spread with
globalization/urbanization/poverty
,⩥ pandemic. Answer: an epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic
area and affects a very high proportion of the population
⩥ epidemic. Answer: widespread outbreak of an infectious disease
⩥ economic sectors. Answer: primary- extract raw materials from the
Earth
secondary- manufacturers/construction that process raw materials
tertiary- provision of goods/services for payment
quarternary- knowledge based; research/information
quinary- decisions impact lots of people
⩥ Wallerstein's World Systems Theory. Answer: power/wealth in the
economy is clustered in core countries (developed) while semi-periphery
and periphery countries (less developed) have less access
core countries take advantage of cheap labor/materials in periphery
countries; creates a cycle of exploitation where LDCs can't advance
⩥ Criticisms of Wallerstein's Theory. Answer: has limited practicality in
explaining how to develop through the stages; focused on progress
through economic development; doesn't account for international NGOs
,⩥ Brandt Line Theory/North-South Divide. Answer: spatial analysis of
development; says MDCs are in the northern hemisphere and LDCs are
in the southern hemisphere (old theory proved wrong with the
development of newly industrialized cities in the southern hemisphere)
⩥ arithmetic population density. Answer: population/land area
generalization; does not account for uneven population distribution
⩥ physiological population density. Answer: population/arable land
maximum population that can be supported without damaging the land
(overpopulated?)
⩥ agricultural population density. Answer: farmers/arable land
indicates development; more farmers per arable land means less
developed
⩥ ecumene. Answer: portion of Earth where people are settled
physical- too dry, wet, high, cold
cultural- access to education, health care, entertainment
historical- where humans sustained/flourished
⩥ demography. Answer: the study of population
, ⩥ natural increase rate. Answer: NIR/RNI; (birth rate - death rate/10);
positive NIR --> growing population, negative NIR --> shrinking
population
⩥ total fertility rate. Answer: average number of children a woman will
have
⩥ dependency ratio. Answer: number of people too old/young to work
compared to number of productive workers (youth/elderly dependency
rate)
⩥ crude birth/death rate. Answer: number of births/deaths per year per
1,000 people alive
⩥ gross domestic product. Answer: total value of goods/services in a
country's borders in one year
⩥ infant mortality rate. Answer: number of deaths among children in
their first year per 1,000 births in a year
⩥ census. Answer: official count of population; taken every 10 years
