MDC 3 Exam 1 Study Guide. Latest
Edition 2025-2026. Questions &
Correct Answers. Graded A
Anemia (from CKD) - ANS↓ erythropoietin production; Tx: erythropoietin
injections (epoetin alfa), iron, folate; Monitor H&H
AV Fistula (for Hemodialysis) - ANSSurgically connects artery + vein;
Matures in 6-8 weeks; Assess: bruit (whoosh), thrill (vibration); No BP/IVs
on that arm!
Average age of Menopause - ANS51
Bladder Cancer - ANS#1 Risk Factor: Smoking; Symptom: Painless
hematuria; Diagnosis: cystoscopy + biopsy; Treatment: TURBT,
intravesical chemo (e.g., BCG), cystectomy
BPH - ANSS/S: weak stream, frequency, urgency, retention; Diagnostic
Test: PSA, DRE, post-void residual; Meds: Tamsulosin (Flomax): relaxes
smooth muscle; Finasteride (Proscar): shrinks prostate; Contraindicated
Meds: Anticholinergics, decongestants (↑ retention)
Causes of Priapism - ANSSickle cell, meds (ED drugs), spinal injury.
Cervical Cancer - ANS#1 Risk Factor: HPV (types 16 & 18).
1
, Cervical Cancer screening - ANSPap smear (every 3 yrs at 21-29; every 5
yrs w/ HPV at 30-65).
Cervical Cancer symptoms - ANSPostcoital bleeding, pelvic pain, watery or
bloody vaginal discharge.
Chlamydia - ANSOften asymptomatic; discharge
Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer - ANSEndometrial biopsy, transvaginal
US, CA-125 for monitoring.
Diagnosis of PCOS - ANSPelvic US, ↑ testosterone, ↑ LH:FSH ratio.
Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer - ANSUS, serum tumor markers (AFP, β-
hCG), orchiectomy → chemo/radiation.
Dialysis Types - ANSSee CKD section above: Hemodialysis; Peritoneal
Dialysis; Disequilibrium Syndrome; Peritonitis (from PD): cloudy fluid, pain,
fever
End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) - ANSGFR <15 or on dialysis; May
need transplant; See dialysis info
Endometrial Cancer - ANSOriginates in uterus lining, most common
gynecologic cancer, linked to unopposed estrogen.
2
Edition 2025-2026. Questions &
Correct Answers. Graded A
Anemia (from CKD) - ANS↓ erythropoietin production; Tx: erythropoietin
injections (epoetin alfa), iron, folate; Monitor H&H
AV Fistula (for Hemodialysis) - ANSSurgically connects artery + vein;
Matures in 6-8 weeks; Assess: bruit (whoosh), thrill (vibration); No BP/IVs
on that arm!
Average age of Menopause - ANS51
Bladder Cancer - ANS#1 Risk Factor: Smoking; Symptom: Painless
hematuria; Diagnosis: cystoscopy + biopsy; Treatment: TURBT,
intravesical chemo (e.g., BCG), cystectomy
BPH - ANSS/S: weak stream, frequency, urgency, retention; Diagnostic
Test: PSA, DRE, post-void residual; Meds: Tamsulosin (Flomax): relaxes
smooth muscle; Finasteride (Proscar): shrinks prostate; Contraindicated
Meds: Anticholinergics, decongestants (↑ retention)
Causes of Priapism - ANSSickle cell, meds (ED drugs), spinal injury.
Cervical Cancer - ANS#1 Risk Factor: HPV (types 16 & 18).
1
, Cervical Cancer screening - ANSPap smear (every 3 yrs at 21-29; every 5
yrs w/ HPV at 30-65).
Cervical Cancer symptoms - ANSPostcoital bleeding, pelvic pain, watery or
bloody vaginal discharge.
Chlamydia - ANSOften asymptomatic; discharge
Diagnosis of Endometrial Cancer - ANSEndometrial biopsy, transvaginal
US, CA-125 for monitoring.
Diagnosis of PCOS - ANSPelvic US, ↑ testosterone, ↑ LH:FSH ratio.
Diagnosis of Testicular Cancer - ANSUS, serum tumor markers (AFP, β-
hCG), orchiectomy → chemo/radiation.
Dialysis Types - ANSSee CKD section above: Hemodialysis; Peritoneal
Dialysis; Disequilibrium Syndrome; Peritonitis (from PD): cloudy fluid, pain,
fever
End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) - ANSGFR <15 or on dialysis; May
need transplant; See dialysis info
Endometrial Cancer - ANSOriginates in uterus lining, most common
gynecologic cancer, linked to unopposed estrogen.
2
