NURS 6501-Advanced
Pathophysiology Quiz 1 Exam
Questions And Answers
How7vare7vcells7vspecialized?7v-
7vANSWERSthrough7vthe7vprocess7vof7vdifferentiation7vor7vmaturation
What7vare7vthe7veight7vspecialized7vcellular7vfunctions?7v-
7vANSWERSmovement,7vconductivity,7vmetabolic7vabsorption,7vsecretion,7vexcretion
,7vrespiration,7vreproduction,7vand7vcommunication
What7vare7vthe7vthree7vgeneral7vcomponents7vof7van7veukaryotic7vcell?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7vthe7vcytoplasm,7vand7vthe7vintracellular7vorga
nelles.
What7vcauses7vthe7vrelease7vof7vlysosomal7venzemes?7v-
7vANSWERSCellular7vinjury7vcausing7vcellular7vself-digestion
What7vis7vthe7vlocation7vand7vfunction7vof7vthe7vnucleus?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vlargest7vmembrane-
bound7vorganelle7vand7vis7vfound7vusually7vin7vthe7vcell's7vcenter.7vThe7vchief7vfunctio
ns7vof7vthe7vnucleus7vare7vcell7vdivision7vand7vcontrol7vof7vgenetic7vinformation.
What7vis7vCytoplasm?7v-
7vANSWERSan7vaqueous7vsolution7v(cytosol)7vthat7vfills7vthe7vspace7vbetween7vthe7v
nucleus7vand7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane.
What7vis7vthe7vendoplasmic7vreticulum7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vspecialize7vin?7v-
7vANSWERSa7vnetwork7vof7vtubular7vchannels7v(cisternae)7vthat7vextend7vthroughout
7vthe7vouter7vnuclear7vmembrane.7vIt7vspecializes7vin7vthe7vsynthesis7vand7vtransport7
vof7vprotein7vand7vlipid7vcomponents7vof7vmost7vof7vthe7vorganelles
What7vis7vthe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSa7vnetwork7vof7vsmooth7vmembranes7vand7vvesicles7vlocated7vnear7vthe
7vnucleus.7vThe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vis7vresponsible7vfor7vprocessing7vand7vpackaging7v
proteins7vinto7vsecretory7vvesicles
What7vare7vlysosomes7vand7vwhat7vdo7vthey7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSsaclike7vstructures7vthat7voriginate7vfrom7vthe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vand7vco
ntain7vdigestive7venzymes.7vThese7venzymes7vare7vresponsible7vfor7vdigesting7vmost
7vcellular7vsubstances7vto7vtheir7vbasic7vform,7vsuch7vas7vamino7vacids,7vfatty7vacids,7
vand7vcarbohydrates
What7vare7vperoxisomes?7v-
7vANSWERSinvolved7vin7vthe7vproduction7vand7vbreakdown7vof7vhydrogen7vperoxide
,Importance7vof7vproteins7vin7vdisease7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmajor7vworkhorses7vof7vthe7vcell,7vif7vmisfolded7vthey7vcan7vcause7
vdiseases
What7vare7vmitochondria7vresponsible7vfor?7v-
7vANSWERS.7vMitochondria7vcontain7vthe7vmetabolic7vmachinery7vnecessary7vfor7vc
ellular7venergy7vmetabolism7v(Makes7vATP).
What7vis7vthe7vcytoskeleton?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7v"bone7vand7vmuscle"7vof7vthe7vcell.7vThe7vinternal7vskeleton7vis7vco
mposed7vof7va7vnetwork7vof7vprotein7vfilaments,7vincluding7vmicrotubules7vand7vactin7
vfilaments7v(microfilaments).
What7vis7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane?7v-
7vANSWERSencloses7vthe7vcell7vand,7vby7vcontrolling7vthe7vmovement7vof7vsubstanc
es7vacross7vit,7vexerts7va7vpowerful7vinfluence7von7vmetabolic7vpathways
What7vis7vsignal7vtransduction?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vtransfer7vof7vmolecular7vsignals7vfrom7vthe7vexterior7vto7vthe7vinteri
or7vof7va7vcell.7vIf7vnot7vdone7vapoptosis7voccurs
What7vis7vprotein7vregulation7vand7vwhat7vis7vit7vcomposed7vof?7v-
7vANSWERSprotein7vhomeostasis7vand7vis7vdefined7vby7vthe7vproteostasis7vnetwork.
7vThis7vnetwork7vis7vcomposed7vof7vribosomes7v(makers),7vchaperones7v(helpers),7va
nd7vprotein7vbreakdown7vor7vproteolytic7vsystems.7vMalfunction7vof7vthese7vsystems7v
is7vassociated7vwith7vdisease.
What7vdo7vprotein7vreceptors7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSon7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7venable7vthe7vcell7vto7vinteract7vwith7vothe
r7vcells7vand7vwith7vextracellular7vsubstances
What7vmeans7vaccomplish7vcell-to-cell7vadhesions?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vthe7vextracellular7vmembrane,7v(2)7vcell7vadhesion7vmolecules7vin7vt
he7vcell's7vplasma7vmembrane,7vand7v(3)7vspecialized7vcell7vjunctions.
What7vmakes7vup7vthe7vextracellular7vmatrix7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vfibrous7vstructural7vproteins7v(collagen7vand7velastin),7v(2)7vadhesiv
e7vglycoproteins,7vand7v(3)7vproteoglycans7vand7vhyaluronic7vacid.7vThe7vmatrix7vhelp
s7vregulate7vcell7vgrowth,7vmovement,7vand7vdifferentiation.
How7vdo7vcells7vcommunicate?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vthey7vform7vprotein7vchannels7v(gap7vjunctions);7v(2)7vthey7vdisplay7
vreceptors7vthat7vaffect7vintracellular7vprocesses7vor7vother7vcells7vin7vdirect7vphysical
7vcontact;7vand7v(3)7vthey7vuse7vreceptor7vproteins7vinside7vthe7vtarget7vcell.
How7vis7vintercellular7vsignaling7vdone?7v-7vANSWERScontact-
dependent,7vparacrine,7vhormonal,7vneurohormonal,7vand7vneurotransmitter.
, What7vis7vATP?7v-7vANSWERSAdenosine7vTriphosphate7v-7vENERGY7v-
7vis7vrequired7vfor7vactive7vtransport.
What7vis7vanabolism?7v-7vANSWERSenergy-using7vprocess7vof7vmetabolism
What7vis7vcatabolism?7v-7vANSWERSthe7venergy-
releasing7vprocess7vof7vmetabolism
What7vis7vpassive7vtransport?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmovement7vof7vmaterials7vacross7vthe7vcell7vmembrane7vwithout7v
using7vcellular7venergy,7vwater7vand7vsmall7velectrically7vuncharged7vmolecules,7vdon
e7vthrough7vosmosis
What7vis7voxidative7vphosphorylation?7v-
7vANSWERSoccurs7vin7vthe7vmitochondria7vand7vis7vthe7vmechanism7vby7vwhich7vthe
7venergy7vproduced7vfrom7vcarbohydrates,7vfats,7vand7vproteins7vis7vtransferred7vto7v
ATP.
What7vis7vendocytosis7vand7vexocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSEndo=7vinto7vthe7vcell7v(engulf).7vExo=7vout7vof7vthe7vcell7v(excrete).
What7vis7vactive7vtransport?7v-
7vANSWERSrequires7vthe7vcell7vto7vexpend7venergy7v(by7vmeans7vof7vATP)7vto7vmov
e7vlarger7vmolecules7vand7vmolecular7vcomplexes
What7vis7vpinocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vingestion7vof7vliquid7vinto7va7vcell7vby7vthe7vbudding7vof7vsmall7vvesi
cles7vfrom7vthe7vcell7vmembrane.7v(drinking)
How7vis7vendocytosis7vdone?7v-
7vANSWERSwhen7vthe7vsubstance7vto7vbe7vtransported7vis7vengulfed7vby7va7vsegme
nt7vof7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7vforming7va7vvesicle7vthat7vmoves7vinto7vthe7vcell.
What7vis7vphagocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vingestion7vof7vbacteria7vor7vother7vmaterial7vby7vphagocytes7vand7v
amoeboid7vprotozoans.7v(eating)
What7vis7vreceptor-mediated7vendocytosis?7v-7vANSWERSreceptor-
mediated7vendocytosis7vto7vselectively7vtake7vup7vspecific7vmolecules7vor7vcomplexe
s7vof7vmolecules7vthat7vcannot7vdiffuse7vor7vmove7vthrough7vtransport7vproteins
What7vis7vdiffusion?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmovement7vof7vparticles7vfrom7van7varea7vof7vhigh7vconcentration7v
to7van7varea7vof7vlow7vconcentration.
What7vhappens7vafter7vendocytosis7voccurs?7v-
7vANSWERSlysosomal7venzymes7vprocess7vand7vdigest7vmaterial
What7vis7vosmosis?7v-
7vANSWERSdiffusion7vof7vwater7vacross7va7vselectively7vpermeable7vmembrane
Pathophysiology Quiz 1 Exam
Questions And Answers
How7vare7vcells7vspecialized?7v-
7vANSWERSthrough7vthe7vprocess7vof7vdifferentiation7vor7vmaturation
What7vare7vthe7veight7vspecialized7vcellular7vfunctions?7v-
7vANSWERSmovement,7vconductivity,7vmetabolic7vabsorption,7vsecretion,7vexcretion
,7vrespiration,7vreproduction,7vand7vcommunication
What7vare7vthe7vthree7vgeneral7vcomponents7vof7van7veukaryotic7vcell?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7vthe7vcytoplasm,7vand7vthe7vintracellular7vorga
nelles.
What7vcauses7vthe7vrelease7vof7vlysosomal7venzemes?7v-
7vANSWERSCellular7vinjury7vcausing7vcellular7vself-digestion
What7vis7vthe7vlocation7vand7vfunction7vof7vthe7vnucleus?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vlargest7vmembrane-
bound7vorganelle7vand7vis7vfound7vusually7vin7vthe7vcell's7vcenter.7vThe7vchief7vfunctio
ns7vof7vthe7vnucleus7vare7vcell7vdivision7vand7vcontrol7vof7vgenetic7vinformation.
What7vis7vCytoplasm?7v-
7vANSWERSan7vaqueous7vsolution7v(cytosol)7vthat7vfills7vthe7vspace7vbetween7vthe7v
nucleus7vand7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane.
What7vis7vthe7vendoplasmic7vreticulum7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vspecialize7vin?7v-
7vANSWERSa7vnetwork7vof7vtubular7vchannels7v(cisternae)7vthat7vextend7vthroughout
7vthe7vouter7vnuclear7vmembrane.7vIt7vspecializes7vin7vthe7vsynthesis7vand7vtransport7
vof7vprotein7vand7vlipid7vcomponents7vof7vmost7vof7vthe7vorganelles
What7vis7vthe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSa7vnetwork7vof7vsmooth7vmembranes7vand7vvesicles7vlocated7vnear7vthe
7vnucleus.7vThe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vis7vresponsible7vfor7vprocessing7vand7vpackaging7v
proteins7vinto7vsecretory7vvesicles
What7vare7vlysosomes7vand7vwhat7vdo7vthey7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSsaclike7vstructures7vthat7voriginate7vfrom7vthe7vGolgi7vcomplex7vand7vco
ntain7vdigestive7venzymes.7vThese7venzymes7vare7vresponsible7vfor7vdigesting7vmost
7vcellular7vsubstances7vto7vtheir7vbasic7vform,7vsuch7vas7vamino7vacids,7vfatty7vacids,7
vand7vcarbohydrates
What7vare7vperoxisomes?7v-
7vANSWERSinvolved7vin7vthe7vproduction7vand7vbreakdown7vof7vhydrogen7vperoxide
,Importance7vof7vproteins7vin7vdisease7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmajor7vworkhorses7vof7vthe7vcell,7vif7vmisfolded7vthey7vcan7vcause7
vdiseases
What7vare7vmitochondria7vresponsible7vfor?7v-
7vANSWERS.7vMitochondria7vcontain7vthe7vmetabolic7vmachinery7vnecessary7vfor7vc
ellular7venergy7vmetabolism7v(Makes7vATP).
What7vis7vthe7vcytoskeleton?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7v"bone7vand7vmuscle"7vof7vthe7vcell.7vThe7vinternal7vskeleton7vis7vco
mposed7vof7va7vnetwork7vof7vprotein7vfilaments,7vincluding7vmicrotubules7vand7vactin7
vfilaments7v(microfilaments).
What7vis7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane?7v-
7vANSWERSencloses7vthe7vcell7vand,7vby7vcontrolling7vthe7vmovement7vof7vsubstanc
es7vacross7vit,7vexerts7va7vpowerful7vinfluence7von7vmetabolic7vpathways
What7vis7vsignal7vtransduction?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vtransfer7vof7vmolecular7vsignals7vfrom7vthe7vexterior7vto7vthe7vinteri
or7vof7va7vcell.7vIf7vnot7vdone7vapoptosis7voccurs
What7vis7vprotein7vregulation7vand7vwhat7vis7vit7vcomposed7vof?7v-
7vANSWERSprotein7vhomeostasis7vand7vis7vdefined7vby7vthe7vproteostasis7vnetwork.
7vThis7vnetwork7vis7vcomposed7vof7vribosomes7v(makers),7vchaperones7v(helpers),7va
nd7vprotein7vbreakdown7vor7vproteolytic7vsystems.7vMalfunction7vof7vthese7vsystems7v
is7vassociated7vwith7vdisease.
What7vdo7vprotein7vreceptors7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERSon7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7venable7vthe7vcell7vto7vinteract7vwith7vothe
r7vcells7vand7vwith7vextracellular7vsubstances
What7vmeans7vaccomplish7vcell-to-cell7vadhesions?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vthe7vextracellular7vmembrane,7v(2)7vcell7vadhesion7vmolecules7vin7vt
he7vcell's7vplasma7vmembrane,7vand7v(3)7vspecialized7vcell7vjunctions.
What7vmakes7vup7vthe7vextracellular7vmatrix7vand7vwhat7vdoes7vit7vdo?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vfibrous7vstructural7vproteins7v(collagen7vand7velastin),7v(2)7vadhesiv
e7vglycoproteins,7vand7v(3)7vproteoglycans7vand7vhyaluronic7vacid.7vThe7vmatrix7vhelp
s7vregulate7vcell7vgrowth,7vmovement,7vand7vdifferentiation.
How7vdo7vcells7vcommunicate?7v-
7vANSWERS(1)7vthey7vform7vprotein7vchannels7v(gap7vjunctions);7v(2)7vthey7vdisplay7
vreceptors7vthat7vaffect7vintracellular7vprocesses7vor7vother7vcells7vin7vdirect7vphysical
7vcontact;7vand7v(3)7vthey7vuse7vreceptor7vproteins7vinside7vthe7vtarget7vcell.
How7vis7vintercellular7vsignaling7vdone?7v-7vANSWERScontact-
dependent,7vparacrine,7vhormonal,7vneurohormonal,7vand7vneurotransmitter.
, What7vis7vATP?7v-7vANSWERSAdenosine7vTriphosphate7v-7vENERGY7v-
7vis7vrequired7vfor7vactive7vtransport.
What7vis7vanabolism?7v-7vANSWERSenergy-using7vprocess7vof7vmetabolism
What7vis7vcatabolism?7v-7vANSWERSthe7venergy-
releasing7vprocess7vof7vmetabolism
What7vis7vpassive7vtransport?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmovement7vof7vmaterials7vacross7vthe7vcell7vmembrane7vwithout7v
using7vcellular7venergy,7vwater7vand7vsmall7velectrically7vuncharged7vmolecules,7vdon
e7vthrough7vosmosis
What7vis7voxidative7vphosphorylation?7v-
7vANSWERSoccurs7vin7vthe7vmitochondria7vand7vis7vthe7vmechanism7vby7vwhich7vthe
7venergy7vproduced7vfrom7vcarbohydrates,7vfats,7vand7vproteins7vis7vtransferred7vto7v
ATP.
What7vis7vendocytosis7vand7vexocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSEndo=7vinto7vthe7vcell7v(engulf).7vExo=7vout7vof7vthe7vcell7v(excrete).
What7vis7vactive7vtransport?7v-
7vANSWERSrequires7vthe7vcell7vto7vexpend7venergy7v(by7vmeans7vof7vATP)7vto7vmov
e7vlarger7vmolecules7vand7vmolecular7vcomplexes
What7vis7vpinocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vingestion7vof7vliquid7vinto7va7vcell7vby7vthe7vbudding7vof7vsmall7vvesi
cles7vfrom7vthe7vcell7vmembrane.7v(drinking)
How7vis7vendocytosis7vdone?7v-
7vANSWERSwhen7vthe7vsubstance7vto7vbe7vtransported7vis7vengulfed7vby7va7vsegme
nt7vof7vthe7vplasma7vmembrane,7vforming7va7vvesicle7vthat7vmoves7vinto7vthe7vcell.
What7vis7vphagocytosis?7v-
7vANSWERSthe7vingestion7vof7vbacteria7vor7vother7vmaterial7vby7vphagocytes7vand7v
amoeboid7vprotozoans.7v(eating)
What7vis7vreceptor-mediated7vendocytosis?7v-7vANSWERSreceptor-
mediated7vendocytosis7vto7vselectively7vtake7vup7vspecific7vmolecules7vor7vcomplexe
s7vof7vmolecules7vthat7vcannot7vdiffuse7vor7vmove7vthrough7vtransport7vproteins
What7vis7vdiffusion?7v-
7vANSWERSThe7vmovement7vof7vparticles7vfrom7van7varea7vof7vhigh7vconcentration7v
to7van7varea7vof7vlow7vconcentration.
What7vhappens7vafter7vendocytosis7voccurs?7v-
7vANSWERSlysosomal7venzymes7vprocess7vand7vdigest7vmaterial
What7vis7vosmosis?7v-
7vANSWERSdiffusion7vof7vwater7vacross7va7vselectively7vpermeable7vmembrane
