Oceanography Ch. 1-4 Exam(Complete solutions)
Pacific Ocean correct answersDeepest and largest ocean
Atlantic Ocean correct answersSecond largest ocean; separates the Old World from the New
World
Indian Ocean correct answersSlightly smaller than the atlantic ocean but has the same average
depth; mostly in the southern hemisphere
Arctic Ocean correct answersSmallest and shallowest ocean; has a permanent layer of sea ice
Antarctic or Southern Ocean correct answersOcean that connects the pacific, atlantic and indian
oceans; south of about 50 degrees south latitude
Ocean versus Sea correct answersSmaller and shallower than oceans, salt water, enclosed by
land
Phoenicians correct answersThe first Mediterranean people known to have developed the art of
navigation
Eratosthenes correct answersDetermined the Earth's circumference in 200 B.C.
Ptolemy correct answersProduced a map of the world in about 150 a.d. that represented the
extent of Roman knowledge at that time (first world map)
Ptolemy correct answersOverestimated the size of Asia which later caused Christopher
Columbus to believe he has encountered parts of Asia rather than a new world
Oceanography correct answersLiterally the description of the marine environment; the scientific
study of all aspects of the marine environment; also called marine science
Geological oceanography correct answersThe study of the structure of the sea floor and how the
sea floor has changed through time; the creation of the sea floor features; and the history of
sediments deposited on it
Chemical oceanography correct answersThe study of the chemical composition and properties of
seawater, how to extract certain chemicals from seawater, and the effects of pollutants
Physical oceanography correct answersThe study of waves, tides and currents, the ocean-
atmosphere relationship that influences weather and climate, and the transmission of light and
sound in the oceans
Biological oceanography correct answersThe study of the various oceanic life-forms and their
relationships to one another, their adaptations to the marine environment and developing
sustainable methods of harvesting seafood
, Scientific Method correct answersObservation, hypothesis, testing and modification of
hypothesis, theory
The Nebular hypothesis correct answersStates that all bodies in the solar system formed from an
enormous cloud composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, with only a small percentage of
heavy elements
Universe correct answersThe huge space which contains all of the matter and energy in existence
Galaxy correct answersOne of billions of systems, each a giant collection of gas, dust and
billions of stars
Stars and suns correct answersHigh temperature bodies; one has planetary systems and the other
does not
Proto-earth correct answersLooked very different from Earth today
It was larger, there were no oceans and no life
Thought to be homogenous, which means that it had a uniform composition throughout
It changed as its heavier constitutions sank toward the center to form a heavy core
Fusion correct answersContracted masses reach high temperatures causing hydrogen to combine
in the sun
Thermonuclear fusion correct answersOccurs when temperatures reach tens of millions of
degrees and hydrogen atoms combines to form helium atoms, releasing enormous amounts of
energy
Solar Wind correct answersElectrical particles emanating from the sun; blows light elements
away from the inner planets; caused planets to contract
Radioactive heat correct answersInternal warming of each planet
Density correct answersMass per unit volume; measure of how heavy something is for its size
Density stratification correct answersElements segregated according to their densities (layered
earth); high density materials move to the center (core), lower density materials move to the
surface
How long ago did solid Earth form? correct answers4.6 billion years ago
Chemical composition correct answersCrust, mantle and core
Crust correct answersExtends from the surface to an average depth of about 30 kilometers (20
miles)
Pacific Ocean correct answersDeepest and largest ocean
Atlantic Ocean correct answersSecond largest ocean; separates the Old World from the New
World
Indian Ocean correct answersSlightly smaller than the atlantic ocean but has the same average
depth; mostly in the southern hemisphere
Arctic Ocean correct answersSmallest and shallowest ocean; has a permanent layer of sea ice
Antarctic or Southern Ocean correct answersOcean that connects the pacific, atlantic and indian
oceans; south of about 50 degrees south latitude
Ocean versus Sea correct answersSmaller and shallower than oceans, salt water, enclosed by
land
Phoenicians correct answersThe first Mediterranean people known to have developed the art of
navigation
Eratosthenes correct answersDetermined the Earth's circumference in 200 B.C.
Ptolemy correct answersProduced a map of the world in about 150 a.d. that represented the
extent of Roman knowledge at that time (first world map)
Ptolemy correct answersOverestimated the size of Asia which later caused Christopher
Columbus to believe he has encountered parts of Asia rather than a new world
Oceanography correct answersLiterally the description of the marine environment; the scientific
study of all aspects of the marine environment; also called marine science
Geological oceanography correct answersThe study of the structure of the sea floor and how the
sea floor has changed through time; the creation of the sea floor features; and the history of
sediments deposited on it
Chemical oceanography correct answersThe study of the chemical composition and properties of
seawater, how to extract certain chemicals from seawater, and the effects of pollutants
Physical oceanography correct answersThe study of waves, tides and currents, the ocean-
atmosphere relationship that influences weather and climate, and the transmission of light and
sound in the oceans
Biological oceanography correct answersThe study of the various oceanic life-forms and their
relationships to one another, their adaptations to the marine environment and developing
sustainable methods of harvesting seafood
, Scientific Method correct answersObservation, hypothesis, testing and modification of
hypothesis, theory
The Nebular hypothesis correct answersStates that all bodies in the solar system formed from an
enormous cloud composed mostly of hydrogen and helium, with only a small percentage of
heavy elements
Universe correct answersThe huge space which contains all of the matter and energy in existence
Galaxy correct answersOne of billions of systems, each a giant collection of gas, dust and
billions of stars
Stars and suns correct answersHigh temperature bodies; one has planetary systems and the other
does not
Proto-earth correct answersLooked very different from Earth today
It was larger, there were no oceans and no life
Thought to be homogenous, which means that it had a uniform composition throughout
It changed as its heavier constitutions sank toward the center to form a heavy core
Fusion correct answersContracted masses reach high temperatures causing hydrogen to combine
in the sun
Thermonuclear fusion correct answersOccurs when temperatures reach tens of millions of
degrees and hydrogen atoms combines to form helium atoms, releasing enormous amounts of
energy
Solar Wind correct answersElectrical particles emanating from the sun; blows light elements
away from the inner planets; caused planets to contract
Radioactive heat correct answersInternal warming of each planet
Density correct answersMass per unit volume; measure of how heavy something is for its size
Density stratification correct answersElements segregated according to their densities (layered
earth); high density materials move to the center (core), lower density materials move to the
surface
How long ago did solid Earth form? correct answers4.6 billion years ago
Chemical composition correct answersCrust, mantle and core
Crust correct answersExtends from the surface to an average depth of about 30 kilometers (20
miles)
