SPCE 609 EXAM SCRIPT 2026 FULL
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ ABAB design. Answer: ________ is an extension of the AB design in
which the independent variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. This
reversal design can demonstrate a functional relation between dependent
and independent variables.
◉ abscissa. Answer: The horizontal or x axis of a graph. The time
dimension (sessions) is represented along the ________
◉ accountability. Answer: The assessment of students' progress on a
regular basis and the publication of this assessment, as well as goals,
objectives, and procedures, to parents, school administrators, and other
parties with a right to the information is called ________
◉ acquisition. Answer: ________ is the basic level of student response
competence. It implies the student's ability to perform a newly learned
response to some criterion of accuracy.
◉ alternating treatments design. Answer: ________ is a single-subject
design that allows comparison of the effectiveness of two or more
,treatments. It differs from other single-subject designs in that treatments
(sometimes including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than
presented sequentially (also known as multiple schedule design, multi-
element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
◉ antecedent stimulus. Answer: A stimulus that precedes a behavior.
This stimulus may or may not serve as discriminative for a specific
behavior is called ________
◉ applied behavior analysis. Answer: ________ is the systematic
application of behavioral principles to change socially significant
behavior to a meaningful degree. Research tools enable users of these
principles to verify a functional relation between a behavior and an
intervention.
◉ aversive stimulus. Answer: A stimulus that decreases the rate or
probability of a behavior when presented as a consequence; as such, it is
a type of punisher. Alternatively, an ________ may increase the rate or
probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as such, it is
a negative reinforcer.
◉ backup reinforcer. Answer: An object or event received in exchange
for a specific number of tokens, points, etc. is called a ________
, ◉ bar graph. Answer: A ________ is a graph that employs vertical bars
rather than horizontal lines to indicate levels of performance (also called
a histogram).
◉ baseline data. Answer: Data points that reflect an operant level of the
target behavior. Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior
before intervention. ________ serve a purpose similar to that of a
pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results of an
intervention procedure can be compared.
◉ behavior. Answer: ________ is any observable and measurable act of
an individual (also called a response).
◉ behavioral objective. Answer: A statement that communicates a
proposed change in behavior. A ________ must include statements
concerning the learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the
behavior will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
◉ chaining. Answer: An instructional procedure that reinforces
individual responses in sequence, forming a complex behavior is called
________
◉ changing conditions design. Answer: ________ is a single-subject
experimental design that involves successively changing the conditions
for response performance in order to evaluate comparative effects. This
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
ALREADY PASSED
◉ ABAB design. Answer: ________ is an extension of the AB design in
which the independent variable is withdrawn and then reapplied. This
reversal design can demonstrate a functional relation between dependent
and independent variables.
◉ abscissa. Answer: The horizontal or x axis of a graph. The time
dimension (sessions) is represented along the ________
◉ accountability. Answer: The assessment of students' progress on a
regular basis and the publication of this assessment, as well as goals,
objectives, and procedures, to parents, school administrators, and other
parties with a right to the information is called ________
◉ acquisition. Answer: ________ is the basic level of student response
competence. It implies the student's ability to perform a newly learned
response to some criterion of accuracy.
◉ alternating treatments design. Answer: ________ is a single-subject
design that allows comparison of the effectiveness of two or more
,treatments. It differs from other single-subject designs in that treatments
(sometimes including baseline) are alternated randomly rather than
presented sequentially (also known as multiple schedule design, multi-
element baseline design, alternating conditions design).
◉ antecedent stimulus. Answer: A stimulus that precedes a behavior.
This stimulus may or may not serve as discriminative for a specific
behavior is called ________
◉ applied behavior analysis. Answer: ________ is the systematic
application of behavioral principles to change socially significant
behavior to a meaningful degree. Research tools enable users of these
principles to verify a functional relation between a behavior and an
intervention.
◉ aversive stimulus. Answer: A stimulus that decreases the rate or
probability of a behavior when presented as a consequence; as such, it is
a type of punisher. Alternatively, an ________ may increase the rate or
probability of a behavior when removed as a consequence; as such, it is
a negative reinforcer.
◉ backup reinforcer. Answer: An object or event received in exchange
for a specific number of tokens, points, etc. is called a ________
, ◉ bar graph. Answer: A ________ is a graph that employs vertical bars
rather than horizontal lines to indicate levels of performance (also called
a histogram).
◉ baseline data. Answer: Data points that reflect an operant level of the
target behavior. Operant level is the natural occurrence of the behavior
before intervention. ________ serve a purpose similar to that of a
pretest: to provide a level of behavior against which the results of an
intervention procedure can be compared.
◉ behavior. Answer: ________ is any observable and measurable act of
an individual (also called a response).
◉ behavioral objective. Answer: A statement that communicates a
proposed change in behavior. A ________ must include statements
concerning the learner, the behavior, the conditions under which the
behavior will be performed, and the criteria for evaluation.
◉ chaining. Answer: An instructional procedure that reinforces
individual responses in sequence, forming a complex behavior is called
________
◉ changing conditions design. Answer: ________ is a single-subject
experimental design that involves successively changing the conditions
for response performance in order to evaluate comparative effects. This
