NURS 711 Final Exam Questions Well Answered Latest 2025-2026
Transcription - Answers the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
RNA and is carried to the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
Genotype - Answers The basic combination of genes of an organism
phenotype - Answers The expression of the gene or trait in an individual
apoptosis - Answers programmed cell death; normal cell self-destruction when growth is
excessive
Isotonic - Answers when the concentration of two solutions is the same
An isotonic solution has the same osmolality or concentration of particles as the ICF or ECF
Hypertonic - Answers when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
Cells shrink in a hypertonic solution because water is being pulled out of cells.
hypotonic - Answers Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
water is a hypotonic solution. Water is osmotically pulled into the cells, causing cells to swell or
burst
capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answers facilitates the outward movement of water from the
capillary to the interstitial space
(blood pressure)
capillary oncotic pressure - Answers osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back
into the capillary
interstitial hydrostatic pressure - Answers facilitates the inward movement of water from the
interstitial space into the capillary
interstitial oncotic pressure - Answers osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the
interstitial space
edema - Answers excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
metabolic acidosis - Answers pH , 7.35
HCO3 - <22
S & S - HA, confusion, fruity breath, increased rate and rhythym respirations, kussmaul
respirations, decrease CO2
, Decreased K -shifts into cells
Nausea and vomiting
dysrhythmias (Due to increased K)
Cx: DKA, Severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock
metabolic alkalosis - Answers pH - > 7.45
HCO3 - > 26
secondary to loss of acidic gastric secretions (vomiting or suctioning)
Thiazide and loop diuretics
S & S - Paresthesia, tremors, shallow respirations lead to increase CO2, dizziness, confusions,
decreased GI motility, decreased K.
dysrhythmias (due to decreased K)
Cx: increased HCO3 antacids, administration of sodium bicarb
Decreased H from NG suctioning, prolonged vomiting, hypercortisolism.
kussmaul respirations - Answers Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of
certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
conditions associated with hypernatremia. - Answers excessive sodium in the blood. > 147
Cellular shrinking bc of hypertonic extracellular fluid; may cause central nervous system
irritability
convulsion, tachycardia, dry and flushed skin, hypervolemia. hypertension, thirst, elevated temp,
rapid pulse, weight loss, oliguria, anuria
associated with hypersecretion of aldosterone
cushings
Conditions associated with hyperkalemia - Answers potassium > 5.5
depressed conductivity in heart, muscle cramping
paresthesia, oliguria, nausea, diarrhea
associated with metabolic acidosis
EKG shows tall, peaked T waves.
Transcription - Answers the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into
RNA and is carried to the ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis
Genotype - Answers The basic combination of genes of an organism
phenotype - Answers The expression of the gene or trait in an individual
apoptosis - Answers programmed cell death; normal cell self-destruction when growth is
excessive
Isotonic - Answers when the concentration of two solutions is the same
An isotonic solution has the same osmolality or concentration of particles as the ICF or ECF
Hypertonic - Answers when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater
concentration of solutes
Cells shrink in a hypertonic solution because water is being pulled out of cells.
hypotonic - Answers Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution
water is a hypotonic solution. Water is osmotically pulled into the cells, causing cells to swell or
burst
capillary hydrostatic pressure - Answers facilitates the outward movement of water from the
capillary to the interstitial space
(blood pressure)
capillary oncotic pressure - Answers osmotically attracts water from the interstitial space back
into the capillary
interstitial hydrostatic pressure - Answers facilitates the inward movement of water from the
interstitial space into the capillary
interstitial oncotic pressure - Answers osmotically attracts water from the capillary into the
interstitial space
edema - Answers excessive accumulation of fluid within the interstitial spaces
metabolic acidosis - Answers pH , 7.35
HCO3 - <22
S & S - HA, confusion, fruity breath, increased rate and rhythym respirations, kussmaul
respirations, decrease CO2
, Decreased K -shifts into cells
Nausea and vomiting
dysrhythmias (Due to increased K)
Cx: DKA, Severe diarrhea, renal failure, shock
metabolic alkalosis - Answers pH - > 7.45
HCO3 - > 26
secondary to loss of acidic gastric secretions (vomiting or suctioning)
Thiazide and loop diuretics
S & S - Paresthesia, tremors, shallow respirations lead to increase CO2, dizziness, confusions,
decreased GI motility, decreased K.
dysrhythmias (due to decreased K)
Cx: increased HCO3 antacids, administration of sodium bicarb
Decreased H from NG suctioning, prolonged vomiting, hypercortisolism.
kussmaul respirations - Answers Deep, rapid breathing; usually the result of an accumulation of
certain acids when insulin is not available in the body.
conditions associated with hypernatremia. - Answers excessive sodium in the blood. > 147
Cellular shrinking bc of hypertonic extracellular fluid; may cause central nervous system
irritability
convulsion, tachycardia, dry and flushed skin, hypervolemia. hypertension, thirst, elevated temp,
rapid pulse, weight loss, oliguria, anuria
associated with hypersecretion of aldosterone
cushings
Conditions associated with hyperkalemia - Answers potassium > 5.5
depressed conductivity in heart, muscle cramping
paresthesia, oliguria, nausea, diarrhea
associated with metabolic acidosis
EKG shows tall, peaked T waves.
