Exam 1: NU606 / NU 606 – Advanced Pathophysiology Review | Qs &
As | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
1. What is the primary cause of cellular injury in hypoxia?
a) Viral invasion
b) Free radical generation
c) ATP depletion
d) Protein misfolding
2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Mitochondria
c) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Lysosome
3. What is the term for a decrease in the size of cells, resulting in a
reduced tissue mass?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Hyperplasia
c) Atrophy
d) Metaplasia
4. The replacement of one mature cell type by another is called:
a) Dysplasia
b) Metaplasia
c) Anaplasia
d) Neoplasia
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of reversible cell injury?
a) Nuclear pyknosis
, b) Cellular swelling
c) Calcification of mitochondria
d) Rupture of the lysosomal membrane
Chapter 2: Genes and Genetic Diseases
6. What is the genetic makeup of an individual referred to as?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Karyotype
7. Cystic fibrosis is an example of which type of inheritance pattern?
a) Autosomal Dominant
b) X-linked Recessive
c) Autosomal Recessive
d) Multifactorial
8. A person who has one copy of a mutated gene for an autosomal
dominant disorder is:
a) A carrier and usually asymptomatic
b) Always symptomatic
c) Only symptomatic under stress
d) Not at risk of passing it to offspring
9. Down Syndrome is most commonly caused by:
a) A translocation
b) Nondisjunction
c) A point mutation
d) Genomic imprinting
, 10. Which of the following is an X-linked recessive disorder?
a) Huntington's Disease
b) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
c) Marfan Syndrome
d) Neurofibromatosis
Chapter 3: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
11. The accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial space is
known as:
a) Effusion
b) Edema
c) Ascites
d) Third-spacing
12. Which type of gangrene is characterized by bacterial invasion
and a foul odor?
a) Dry gangrene
b) Wet gangrene
c) Gas gangrene
d) Necrotic gangrene
13. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with which
disease?
a) Myocardial infarction
b) Pulmonary embolism
c) Tuberculosis
d) Pancreatitis
14. What is the body's first line of defense?
a) Inflammation
, b) The skin and mucous membranes
c) The immune system
d) Fever
15. Programmed cell death is known as:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Oncosis
Chapter 4: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
16. The major cation in the extracellular fluid is:
a) Potassium
b) Chloride
c) Sodium
d) Magnesium
17. Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) is characterized by:
a) Water retention and hyponatremia
b) Water loss and hypernatremia
c) Sodium retention and hypertension
d) Sodium loss and hypotension
18. A patient with a blood pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and
HCO3- of 24 mEq/L is in:
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
d) Respiratory alkalosis
As | Grade A | 100% Correct (Verified Answers) – Regis
Chapter 1: Cellular Biology
1. What is the primary cause of cellular injury in hypoxia?
a) Viral invasion
b) Free radical generation
c) ATP depletion
d) Protein misfolding
2. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of ATP?
a) Golgi apparatus
b) Mitochondria
c) Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
d) Lysosome
3. What is the term for a decrease in the size of cells, resulting in a
reduced tissue mass?
a) Hypertrophy
b) Hyperplasia
c) Atrophy
d) Metaplasia
4. The replacement of one mature cell type by another is called:
a) Dysplasia
b) Metaplasia
c) Anaplasia
d) Neoplasia
5. Which of the following is a characteristic of reversible cell injury?
a) Nuclear pyknosis
, b) Cellular swelling
c) Calcification of mitochondria
d) Rupture of the lysosomal membrane
Chapter 2: Genes and Genetic Diseases
6. What is the genetic makeup of an individual referred to as?
a) Phenotype
b) Genotype
c) Allele
d) Karyotype
7. Cystic fibrosis is an example of which type of inheritance pattern?
a) Autosomal Dominant
b) X-linked Recessive
c) Autosomal Recessive
d) Multifactorial
8. A person who has one copy of a mutated gene for an autosomal
dominant disorder is:
a) A carrier and usually asymptomatic
b) Always symptomatic
c) Only symptomatic under stress
d) Not at risk of passing it to offspring
9. Down Syndrome is most commonly caused by:
a) A translocation
b) Nondisjunction
c) A point mutation
d) Genomic imprinting
, 10. Which of the following is an X-linked recessive disorder?
a) Huntington's Disease
b) Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
c) Marfan Syndrome
d) Neurofibromatosis
Chapter 3: Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology
11. The accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial space is
known as:
a) Effusion
b) Edema
c) Ascites
d) Third-spacing
12. Which type of gangrene is characterized by bacterial invasion
and a foul odor?
a) Dry gangrene
b) Wet gangrene
c) Gas gangrene
d) Necrotic gangrene
13. Caseous necrosis is most commonly associated with which
disease?
a) Myocardial infarction
b) Pulmonary embolism
c) Tuberculosis
d) Pancreatitis
14. What is the body's first line of defense?
a) Inflammation
, b) The skin and mucous membranes
c) The immune system
d) Fever
15. Programmed cell death is known as:
a) Necrosis
b) Apoptosis
c) Autophagy
d) Oncosis
Chapter 4: Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases
16. The major cation in the extracellular fluid is:
a) Potassium
b) Chloride
c) Sodium
d) Magnesium
17. Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH (SIADH) is characterized by:
a) Water retention and hyponatremia
b) Water loss and hypernatremia
c) Sodium retention and hypertension
d) Sodium loss and hypotension
18. A patient with a blood pH of 7.25, PaCO2 of 52 mmHg, and
HCO3- of 24 mEq/L is in:
a) Metabolic acidosis
b) Metabolic alkalosis
c) Respiratory acidosis
d) Respiratory alkalosis
