Human Resource Management
Questions and Answers 2026
Human resources (HR) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>the people within an organization—are one of
the primary means of creating a competitive advantage for the organization, because the ways
we manage people directly affect their performance.
Employee engagement - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a combination of job satisfaction, ability, and a
willingness to perform for the organization at a high level and over an extended period of time
Cost center - <CORRECT ANSWER >>is a division or department that brings in no revenue or
profit for the organization—running this function only costs the organization money.
Revenue centers - <CORRECT ANSWER >>are divisions or departments that generate monetary
returns for the organization.
Productivity center - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a revenue center that enhances the profitability of
the organization through enhancing the productivity of the people within the organization.
Productivity - <CORRECT ANSWER >>the amount of output that an organization gets per unit of
input, with human input usually expressed in terms of units of time. Productivity is the end
result of two components that managers work to create and improve within the organization:
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Effectiveness - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a function of getting the job done whenever and however
it must be done. It answers the question, "Did we do the right things?"
Efficiency - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a function of how many organizational resources we used in
getting the job done. It answers the question, "Did we do things right?"
,After a survey, the three biggest HRM challenges were concluded to be: - <CORRECT ANSWER
>>Retaining and rewarding the best employees
Developing the next generation of corporate leaders
Creating a corporate culture that attracts the best employees
The HR competencies and subcompetencies that will be the most critical - <CORRECT ANSWER
>>Business acumen:
HR metrics/analytics/business indicators
Knowledge of business operations and logistics
Strategic agility
Organizational leadership and navigation
Relationship management
Communication
Every time that we survey managers in any industry or any department about managing others,
they bring up the following issues as being among the most important and most difficult things
that they deal with - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Productivity—defined above
Job satisfaction—a feeling of well-being and acceptance of our place in the organization
Turnover—permanent loss of workers from the organization. When people quit, it is considered
voluntary turnover, while when people are fired, it is involuntary turnover.
Absenteeism—temporary absence of employees from the workplace
,Information Age - <CORRECT ANSWER >>an era that began around 1980, in which information
became one of the main products used in organizations; it is characterized by exponential
increases in available information in all industries.
Knowledge workers - <CORRECT ANSWER >>workers who "use their head more than their
hands" and who gather and interpret information to improve a product or process for their
organizations.
Knowledge Workers Are in Short Supply. - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The majority of jobs being
created in the United States require skills possessed by only 20% of the current workforce."
Partly as a result of this shortage of skilled labor, we are seeing more older employees with
high-level skill sets remain in the workforce - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Some agencies estimate
that over 90% of the growth in the US labor force between 2006 and 2016 will be from workers
ages 55 and older.29 So as a manager in a 21st century organization, your workforce will look
much older than it has historically.
Equal employment opportunity (EEO) and diversity management specialists - <CORRECT
ANSWER >>ensure compliance with equal opportunity laws and regulations as well as
organizational affirmative action plans (when such plans are required or desired). They also
have responsibilities related to the management of diverse employee groups within the
company.
Staffing - <CORRECT ANSWER >>includes all of the things that we need to do to get people
interested in working for our company—going through the recruiting process, selecting the best
candidates who apply, and getting them settled into their new jobs.
Training and development - <CORRECT ANSWER >>have responsibility for the training processes
within the organization as well as for the development of curricula and lesson plans and the
delivery of training courses. You would also be involved with the development of talent within
the company so that employees are trained and ready to move into more senior positions as
those positions become vacant.
, Employee Relations - <CORRECT ANSWER >>This specialty covers a wide array of items such as
coaching, counseling, and disciplining the workforce as needed. It also involves leadership and
team-building efforts within the organization. We also measure and evaluate job satisfaction
and employee engagement as part of employee relations. HR managers in this function have to
keep up with the many and varied laws relating to employee relations, and this specialty also
involves the management of employee communication.
Labor and Industrial Relations - <CORRECT ANSWER >>works with the laws and regulations that
control the organization's labor-related relationships with their workforce. HR managers who
work in this area might be involved in union votes, negotiations for union agreements,
collective bargaining, grievances, and other items that affect the union/management
relationship within the organization
Compensation and Benefits - <CORRECT ANSWER >>helps decide the total compensation
package that the organization will use to attract and retain the best mix of people with skills
that are specifically suited to the organization. A manager will have to understand the federal
and state laws that deal with compensation. You would also deal directly with all of the federal
and state compensation laws to ensure compliance in organizational pay and benefits
procedures
Safety and Security - <CORRECT ANSWER >>you might work in the area of occupational safety
and/or health to make sure we don't injure our people or cause them to become sick because
of exposure to some substance they work with. This discipline also includes fields such as stress
management and employee assistance programs, which help employees cope with the
demands of their jobs on a daily basis. And finally, this function works to ensure that employees
are secure from physical harm inflicted by other workers, outsiders, or even acts of nature.
Ethics and Sustainability - <CORRECT ANSWER >>you would bear responsibility for seeing to it
that the organization acts in an ethical and socially responsible manner. You might work on
codes of ethics and also make sure employees live by those codes, such as by maintaining ways
in which employees can report violations of ethics (also known as whistle-blowing).
Sustainability - <CORRECT ANSWER >>meeting the needs of today without sacrificing future
generations' ability to meet their needs
Questions and Answers 2026
Human resources (HR) - <CORRECT ANSWER >>the people within an organization—are one of
the primary means of creating a competitive advantage for the organization, because the ways
we manage people directly affect their performance.
Employee engagement - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a combination of job satisfaction, ability, and a
willingness to perform for the organization at a high level and over an extended period of time
Cost center - <CORRECT ANSWER >>is a division or department that brings in no revenue or
profit for the organization—running this function only costs the organization money.
Revenue centers - <CORRECT ANSWER >>are divisions or departments that generate monetary
returns for the organization.
Productivity center - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a revenue center that enhances the profitability of
the organization through enhancing the productivity of the people within the organization.
Productivity - <CORRECT ANSWER >>the amount of output that an organization gets per unit of
input, with human input usually expressed in terms of units of time. Productivity is the end
result of two components that managers work to create and improve within the organization:
Effectiveness and Efficiency
Effectiveness - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a function of getting the job done whenever and however
it must be done. It answers the question, "Did we do the right things?"
Efficiency - <CORRECT ANSWER >>a function of how many organizational resources we used in
getting the job done. It answers the question, "Did we do things right?"
,After a survey, the three biggest HRM challenges were concluded to be: - <CORRECT ANSWER
>>Retaining and rewarding the best employees
Developing the next generation of corporate leaders
Creating a corporate culture that attracts the best employees
The HR competencies and subcompetencies that will be the most critical - <CORRECT ANSWER
>>Business acumen:
HR metrics/analytics/business indicators
Knowledge of business operations and logistics
Strategic agility
Organizational leadership and navigation
Relationship management
Communication
Every time that we survey managers in any industry or any department about managing others,
they bring up the following issues as being among the most important and most difficult things
that they deal with - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Productivity—defined above
Job satisfaction—a feeling of well-being and acceptance of our place in the organization
Turnover—permanent loss of workers from the organization. When people quit, it is considered
voluntary turnover, while when people are fired, it is involuntary turnover.
Absenteeism—temporary absence of employees from the workplace
,Information Age - <CORRECT ANSWER >>an era that began around 1980, in which information
became one of the main products used in organizations; it is characterized by exponential
increases in available information in all industries.
Knowledge workers - <CORRECT ANSWER >>workers who "use their head more than their
hands" and who gather and interpret information to improve a product or process for their
organizations.
Knowledge Workers Are in Short Supply. - <CORRECT ANSWER >>The majority of jobs being
created in the United States require skills possessed by only 20% of the current workforce."
Partly as a result of this shortage of skilled labor, we are seeing more older employees with
high-level skill sets remain in the workforce - <CORRECT ANSWER >>Some agencies estimate
that over 90% of the growth in the US labor force between 2006 and 2016 will be from workers
ages 55 and older.29 So as a manager in a 21st century organization, your workforce will look
much older than it has historically.
Equal employment opportunity (EEO) and diversity management specialists - <CORRECT
ANSWER >>ensure compliance with equal opportunity laws and regulations as well as
organizational affirmative action plans (when such plans are required or desired). They also
have responsibilities related to the management of diverse employee groups within the
company.
Staffing - <CORRECT ANSWER >>includes all of the things that we need to do to get people
interested in working for our company—going through the recruiting process, selecting the best
candidates who apply, and getting them settled into their new jobs.
Training and development - <CORRECT ANSWER >>have responsibility for the training processes
within the organization as well as for the development of curricula and lesson plans and the
delivery of training courses. You would also be involved with the development of talent within
the company so that employees are trained and ready to move into more senior positions as
those positions become vacant.
, Employee Relations - <CORRECT ANSWER >>This specialty covers a wide array of items such as
coaching, counseling, and disciplining the workforce as needed. It also involves leadership and
team-building efforts within the organization. We also measure and evaluate job satisfaction
and employee engagement as part of employee relations. HR managers in this function have to
keep up with the many and varied laws relating to employee relations, and this specialty also
involves the management of employee communication.
Labor and Industrial Relations - <CORRECT ANSWER >>works with the laws and regulations that
control the organization's labor-related relationships with their workforce. HR managers who
work in this area might be involved in union votes, negotiations for union agreements,
collective bargaining, grievances, and other items that affect the union/management
relationship within the organization
Compensation and Benefits - <CORRECT ANSWER >>helps decide the total compensation
package that the organization will use to attract and retain the best mix of people with skills
that are specifically suited to the organization. A manager will have to understand the federal
and state laws that deal with compensation. You would also deal directly with all of the federal
and state compensation laws to ensure compliance in organizational pay and benefits
procedures
Safety and Security - <CORRECT ANSWER >>you might work in the area of occupational safety
and/or health to make sure we don't injure our people or cause them to become sick because
of exposure to some substance they work with. This discipline also includes fields such as stress
management and employee assistance programs, which help employees cope with the
demands of their jobs on a daily basis. And finally, this function works to ensure that employees
are secure from physical harm inflicted by other workers, outsiders, or even acts of nature.
Ethics and Sustainability - <CORRECT ANSWER >>you would bear responsibility for seeing to it
that the organization acts in an ethical and socially responsible manner. You might work on
codes of ethics and also make sure employees live by those codes, such as by maintaining ways
in which employees can report violations of ethics (also known as whistle-blowing).
Sustainability - <CORRECT ANSWER >>meeting the needs of today without sacrificing future
generations' ability to meet their needs
