EXAM 2 NR 545 EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS.
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - correct answerPatho: Chest pain
associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the
myocardial tissue.
Chest pain PA - correct answerPhysical Assessment: chest
heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - correct answerPharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes
and widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-
Blockers
Chest pain risks - correct answerRisks and complications: Acute
Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - correct answerblood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
MI Patho - correct answerimbalance between myocardial
oxygen supply and demand
,Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac
tissue death.
MI PA - correct answerPain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
MI Dx - correct answerTroponins elevated, often stay elevated
for one week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - correct answerwhen blood vessels that carry
oxygen to organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the
artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - correct answerinflammatory process
that begins with damage to the endothelium often result of
HTN, smoking, high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - correct answermodifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
, Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - correct answerDx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - correct answerPharm: Antiplatelets
(Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and
pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - correct answercomplex clinical syndrome that
results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular
or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical
symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
Heart Failure PA - correct answerPre-existing conditions such as
diabetes, liver failure, renal disease, anemia.
Dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea (PND), nocturnal angina, Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(ask families or caretaker)
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased functional capacityPatient takes
medications as directed, observing, and adhering to dietary
requirements.
Alcohol or tobacco use
History of rheumatic heart disease or Chaga's disease
ANSWERS.
Chest Pain AKA Angina Patho - correct answerPatho: Chest pain
associated with decreased blood flow or ischemia to the
myocardial tissue.
Chest pain PA - correct answerPhysical Assessment: chest
heaviness
Pressure
Squeezing
Fullness
Pain radiates to left shoulder, arm, or jaw.
Elevation of blood pressure during attack
Chest pain Pharm - correct answerPharm: Nitroglycerin- relaxes
and widens blood vessels
Dosing: 0.3-0.6mg every 5 minutes for max of 3 doses
Long-term treatment to consider: ACE Inhibitors & Beta-
Blockers
Chest pain risks - correct answerRisks and complications: Acute
Coronary Syndrome
Myocardial Infarction - correct answerblood flow to the heart is
minimized.
Buildup of cholesterol
MI Patho - correct answerimbalance between myocardial
oxygen supply and demand
,Prolonged for greater than 30 minutes can lead to cardiac
tissue death.
MI PA - correct answerPain at rest
Not relieved with nitro
Lightheaded
Impending doom
Nausea
Diaphoresis
Wheezing
MI Dx - correct answerTroponins elevated, often stay elevated
for one week after infarction.
EKG- ST elevation or new left bundle branch block
Atherosclerosis - correct answerwhen blood vessels that carry
oxygen to organs and tissues is restricted.
Hardening of vessels from buildup of fats, cholesterol in the
artery walls
Happens gradually.
Formed plaque can break off and burst, triggering a blood clot.
Atherosclerosis patho - correct answerinflammatory process
that begins with damage to the endothelium often result of
HTN, smoking, high cholesterol, or other risk factors.
Fatty streak to fibrous plaque and then complicated lesion
Atherosclerosis PA - correct answermodifiable risk factors
Fluid retention
Fatigue
, Neck vein distension
Edema
Calf pain
Atherosclerosis Dx - correct answerDx: Stress tests
Chest Xray
EKG
Ankle-Brachial Index to assess blood pressure in the extremities.
Atherosclerosis Pharm - correct answerPharm: Antiplatelets
(Aspirin)
Statins- reduce inflammation.
ACE Inhibitor- relax blood pressure and reduce work and
pressure on heart.
Can be treated with lifestyle management.
Heart Failure - correct answercomplex clinical syndrome that
results from structural or functional impairment of ventricular
or ejection of blood, which in turn leads to the cardinal clinical
symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue, edema, and rales.
Heart Failure PA - correct answerPre-existing conditions such as
diabetes, liver failure, renal disease, anemia.
Dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal
dyspnea (PND), nocturnal angina, Cheyne-Stokes respirations
(ask families or caretaker)
Fatigue, lethargy, decreased functional capacityPatient takes
medications as directed, observing, and adhering to dietary
requirements.
Alcohol or tobacco use
History of rheumatic heart disease or Chaga's disease
