FRESENIUS RN QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too high? - ✔✔This happens when
not enough fluid is being removed during the treatment and pt has probably lost weight.
S/S include hypertension, headaches, SOA, edema, and distended neck veins.
Post treatment weights, blood pressure trends during treatments, patient
✔✔What is available weight? - ✔✔This is used during pre treatment evaluation that
represent the available fluid weight that needs to be removed from the patient during
todays treatment.
✔✔How do you calculate the Available weight? - ✔✔By subtracting the EDW from the
patients pretreatment weight.
✔✔What is the target weight? - ✔✔The weight that we hope to bring the patient to post
treatment. The target weight should include available weight, priming & rinse back
saline, plus any other fluid the patient will receive during treatment.
✔✔What components are checked for in dialysate to verify compatibility with human
biochemistry? - ✔✔pH
conductivity
temperature
✔✔What are dialysis precautions? - ✔✔a set standard of infection control practices that
are used in all situations in the dialysis setting when caring for dialysis patients or
performing related activities.
✔✔When are dialysis precautions applicable? - ✔✔Anytime there is the potential or
actual exposure to:
blood
body fluids w/ visible blood
amniotic
cerebrospinal
pericardial
pleural
synovial and peritoneal fluids
✔✔Who is considered infectious in dialysis precautions? - ✔✔All patients
✔✔What is considered contaminated in dialysis precautions? - ✔✔All blood, body fluids,
tissues, needles and sharps
All used dialyzers
All supplies and equipment used for a patients treatment
✔✔Why do we use dialysis precautions? - ✔✔Patients & staff are in close proximity
,Dialysis patients are immunocompromised
Patients experience repeated invasive procedures
Dialysis is a high risk area
Frequent exposure to blood or body fluids
✔✔What are the 2 bleach solution concentrations that we use in dialysis? - ✔✔1:100 - 1
parts bleach to 100 parts water
1:10 - 1 parts bleach to 10 parts water
✔✔How often do we make bleach solutions? - ✔✔Made daily and labeled with time,
date, and initials.
✔✔How do we store bleach? - ✔✔In an opaque container with a lid because the bleach
will dissipated and lose strength.
✔✔When do we use 1:100 bleach solution? - ✔✔Routine cleaning
Blood spills less than 10 ml
As a second disinfection after a greater than 10 ml blood spill has been cleaned with
1:10 solution
✔✔How long should we soak clamps and hemostats in bleach solution? - ✔✔For at
least 20 minutes in the open position.
✔✔What is the single most important infection control measure that can be used to
prevent the spread of infection? - ✔✔Hand washing
✔✔How long should hands be washed with soap and water? - ✔✔40-60 seconds
✔✔How long should hands be sanitized with alcohol rub? - ✔✔20-30 seconds
✔✔What items are placed in sharps containers? - ✔✔Broken glass
Ampules
Syringes w/ needles
✔✔When are sharps containers replaced? - ✔✔When they are 2/3rds to 3/4ths full.
Must be closed and locked to replace. NEVER shake to condense contents.
✔✔What is done with sharps containers in an emergency? - ✔✔Remove all medical
waste containers (sharps & biohazard) from the tx floor. Lock lids and place in locked
biohazard room.
✔✔What precautions are taken when caring for MRSA/VRE patients? - ✔✔Contact
precautions. Must dedicate gown to these patients. Remove gloves and wash hands
before moving to next patient.
, ✔✔Do MRSA/VRE patients need isolation? - ✔✔No, but these patients should be
seated in the same area (cohorting) with others who have the same bacteria (if
applicable). Infected patients should have their own BP cuff and stethoscope.
✔✔What should be done with the CVC dressing removed from the MRSA?VRE patient?
- ✔✔It should be disposed of into the red infectious waste containers after each use?
✔✔How should we treat patients who have open wounds with MRSA/VRE? - ✔✔Open
wounds should be covered at all times and wound dressings should never be changed
or opened on the floor or dialysis treatment room.
✔✔What bleach solution do we use to clean all surfaces touched by MRSA/VRE
patients? - ✔✔1:100 bleach solution
✔✔How long should hands be washed between patients? - ✔✔40-60 seconds
✔✔List three blood borne pathogens that may be found on the dialysis unit? -
✔✔Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
✔✔What is hepatitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver with a variety of cause - all forms
are contagious.
✔✔How can Hepatitis A be spread? - ✔✔Contaminated food; Oral and fecal route
✔✔How can Hepatitis B be spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids
✔✔How long can the hepatitis b virus live on surfaces? - ✔✔At least 7 days
✔✔What happens if a patients HBsAg is reactive or positive? - ✔✔They must be
dialyzed in the isolation room.
✔✔How can hepatitis c be spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids.
✔✔Which viral form of hepatitis can be cured with medication, depending on the
genotype of the virus? - ✔✔Hepatitis C
✔✔How is Hepatitis D spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids. Uncommon in dialysis
patients.
✔✔Signs and symptoms if estimated dry weight is too high? - ✔✔This happens when
not enough fluid is being removed during the treatment and pt has probably lost weight.
S/S include hypertension, headaches, SOA, edema, and distended neck veins.
Post treatment weights, blood pressure trends during treatments, patient
✔✔What is available weight? - ✔✔This is used during pre treatment evaluation that
represent the available fluid weight that needs to be removed from the patient during
todays treatment.
✔✔How do you calculate the Available weight? - ✔✔By subtracting the EDW from the
patients pretreatment weight.
✔✔What is the target weight? - ✔✔The weight that we hope to bring the patient to post
treatment. The target weight should include available weight, priming & rinse back
saline, plus any other fluid the patient will receive during treatment.
✔✔What components are checked for in dialysate to verify compatibility with human
biochemistry? - ✔✔pH
conductivity
temperature
✔✔What are dialysis precautions? - ✔✔a set standard of infection control practices that
are used in all situations in the dialysis setting when caring for dialysis patients or
performing related activities.
✔✔When are dialysis precautions applicable? - ✔✔Anytime there is the potential or
actual exposure to:
blood
body fluids w/ visible blood
amniotic
cerebrospinal
pericardial
pleural
synovial and peritoneal fluids
✔✔Who is considered infectious in dialysis precautions? - ✔✔All patients
✔✔What is considered contaminated in dialysis precautions? - ✔✔All blood, body fluids,
tissues, needles and sharps
All used dialyzers
All supplies and equipment used for a patients treatment
✔✔Why do we use dialysis precautions? - ✔✔Patients & staff are in close proximity
,Dialysis patients are immunocompromised
Patients experience repeated invasive procedures
Dialysis is a high risk area
Frequent exposure to blood or body fluids
✔✔What are the 2 bleach solution concentrations that we use in dialysis? - ✔✔1:100 - 1
parts bleach to 100 parts water
1:10 - 1 parts bleach to 10 parts water
✔✔How often do we make bleach solutions? - ✔✔Made daily and labeled with time,
date, and initials.
✔✔How do we store bleach? - ✔✔In an opaque container with a lid because the bleach
will dissipated and lose strength.
✔✔When do we use 1:100 bleach solution? - ✔✔Routine cleaning
Blood spills less than 10 ml
As a second disinfection after a greater than 10 ml blood spill has been cleaned with
1:10 solution
✔✔How long should we soak clamps and hemostats in bleach solution? - ✔✔For at
least 20 minutes in the open position.
✔✔What is the single most important infection control measure that can be used to
prevent the spread of infection? - ✔✔Hand washing
✔✔How long should hands be washed with soap and water? - ✔✔40-60 seconds
✔✔How long should hands be sanitized with alcohol rub? - ✔✔20-30 seconds
✔✔What items are placed in sharps containers? - ✔✔Broken glass
Ampules
Syringes w/ needles
✔✔When are sharps containers replaced? - ✔✔When they are 2/3rds to 3/4ths full.
Must be closed and locked to replace. NEVER shake to condense contents.
✔✔What is done with sharps containers in an emergency? - ✔✔Remove all medical
waste containers (sharps & biohazard) from the tx floor. Lock lids and place in locked
biohazard room.
✔✔What precautions are taken when caring for MRSA/VRE patients? - ✔✔Contact
precautions. Must dedicate gown to these patients. Remove gloves and wash hands
before moving to next patient.
, ✔✔Do MRSA/VRE patients need isolation? - ✔✔No, but these patients should be
seated in the same area (cohorting) with others who have the same bacteria (if
applicable). Infected patients should have their own BP cuff and stethoscope.
✔✔What should be done with the CVC dressing removed from the MRSA?VRE patient?
- ✔✔It should be disposed of into the red infectious waste containers after each use?
✔✔How should we treat patients who have open wounds with MRSA/VRE? - ✔✔Open
wounds should be covered at all times and wound dressings should never be changed
or opened on the floor or dialysis treatment room.
✔✔What bleach solution do we use to clean all surfaces touched by MRSA/VRE
patients? - ✔✔1:100 bleach solution
✔✔How long should hands be washed between patients? - ✔✔40-60 seconds
✔✔List three blood borne pathogens that may be found on the dialysis unit? -
✔✔Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
HIV
✔✔What is hepatitis? - ✔✔Inflammation of the liver with a variety of cause - all forms
are contagious.
✔✔How can Hepatitis A be spread? - ✔✔Contaminated food; Oral and fecal route
✔✔How can Hepatitis B be spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids
✔✔How long can the hepatitis b virus live on surfaces? - ✔✔At least 7 days
✔✔What happens if a patients HBsAg is reactive or positive? - ✔✔They must be
dialyzed in the isolation room.
✔✔How can hepatitis c be spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids.
✔✔Which viral form of hepatitis can be cured with medication, depending on the
genotype of the virus? - ✔✔Hepatitis C
✔✔How is Hepatitis D spread? - ✔✔Blood or bodily fluids. Uncommon in dialysis
patients.
