ATI CARDIOVASCULAR EVALUATION TEST UPDATED
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔centrally acting alpha agonists: clonidine, guanfacine HCL, methyldopa: migrain,
ADHD, HTN, withdrawal, severe cancer pain - ✔✔drowsiness, dry mouth, rebound
hypertension so taper. dont use patch w/ scleroderma and lupus, use cautiously w/
stroke, MI, DM, depression, renal failure. careful w/ prazosin and TCAs,
✔✔Beta Blockers: - ✔✔metoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol succinate, esmolo, propranolol,
nadolol, carvedilol, labetalol: HTN, agnina, migrain, glaucoma
✔✔metoprolol and propranolol - ✔✔bradycardia, cautiously in diabetes, decreased
cardiac output- monitor and notify, AV clock- baseline ECG, OH, rebound myocardium
excitation: taper off meds: monitor clients taking beta blocker concurrently
✔✔propranolol - ✔✔avoid w/ asthma, diabetes- monitor blood glucose b/c it masks
signs of hypoglycemia
✔✔hypertensive crisis: nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, clevidipine, enalaprilat,
esmolol HCl - ✔✔excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning- increased for liver issues,
reduce by giving less than 5mcg/kg/min or thiosulfate, avoid prolonged use, protect from
light, discard after 24 hr
✔✔cardiac glycosides: digoxin: treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias -
✔✔dysrhythmias, consume high K foods, .5-2 serum levels of digoxin, avoid use of
quinidine, verapamil, thiazide, ACE can increase digoxin levels, antacids decrease
✔✔adrenergic agonists: - ✔✔epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
terbutaline
✔✔Epinephrine: alpha 1, beta 1 and 2 - ✔✔vacoconstrict, increase HR, heart
contraction, rate of conduction, bronchodilation helps w/ slows absorption of local
anesthetics, manages superficial bleeding, decreased congestion of nasal mucosa,
increased BP, treatment of AV block and cardiac arrest, asthma
✔✔dopamine: shock and heart failure - ✔✔low dose: renal blood dilation
moderate: beta 1: renal dilation, increase HR, myocardial contractility, increased rate of
conduction
high: all above and vasoconstriction
✔✔dobutamine: beta 1 - ✔✔increased HR, myocardial contraction, rate of conduction:
used w/ heart failure
✔✔epinephrine complications: - ✔✔hypertension, dysrhythmias,
, ✔✔dopamine adverse - ✔✔dysrhythmias, necrosis
✔✔dobutamine adverse - ✔✔increased HR
✔✔Interactions of adrenergic agonists - ✔✔MAOIs with epi, TCAs with epi, general
anesthetics w/ epi, alpha and beta adrengergic blockers and diuretics block dopamine
✔✔organic nitrates: nitroglycerin, nitro-time (capsules), nitrostat (subling tablet),
nitorlingual (spray), nitro-bid (topical), nitro-dur (transderm), nitro-bid Iv, isosorbide
dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate- treat angina - ✔✔use aspirin or acetaminophen to
relive pain, OH, reflex tachy, tolerance, can increase cranial pressure, avoid alcohol,
careful w/ beta blocker, calcium channel, diuretic, NO with viagra etc.
✔✔sublingual tablet and translingual spray - ✔✔rapid onset, short duration
treat acute attack, and prophylaxis of acute
use at first sign, prior to activity known to cause pain, stored in cool, dark place
✔✔sustained release - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long term prophylaxis against anginal attacks
swallow w/o crushing or chewing- empty stomach w/ water
✔✔transdermal - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long-term prophylaxis against attacks
patches shouldn't be cut, rotate, no hair, remove w/ soap and water, remove at night
✔✔topical ointment - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long term phrophylaxis
remove prior dose before applying new dose, clean hairless area, cover w/ saran, avoid
touching ointment,
✔✔IV - ✔✔used for angina that doesn't respond to other meds, contorl BP or induce
hypotension suring surgery, heart failure from acute MI
use glass IV bottle, start slow and titrate up,
✔✔antianginal agent: ranolazine; lower cardiac O2 demand - ✔✔monitor ECG for QT
prolonging, elevated BP, avoid use grapefruit juice, HIV protease, macrolide antibiotics,
verapamil, quinidine, digoxin, simvastatin
✔✔Class 1A-- Procainamide, quinidine gluconate, quinidien sulfast, disopyramide -
✔✔decrease electrical conduction, automaticity, repolarization rate: used w/
supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrilation:
EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GRADED A+
✔✔centrally acting alpha agonists: clonidine, guanfacine HCL, methyldopa: migrain,
ADHD, HTN, withdrawal, severe cancer pain - ✔✔drowsiness, dry mouth, rebound
hypertension so taper. dont use patch w/ scleroderma and lupus, use cautiously w/
stroke, MI, DM, depression, renal failure. careful w/ prazosin and TCAs,
✔✔Beta Blockers: - ✔✔metoprolol, atenolol, metoprolol succinate, esmolo, propranolol,
nadolol, carvedilol, labetalol: HTN, agnina, migrain, glaucoma
✔✔metoprolol and propranolol - ✔✔bradycardia, cautiously in diabetes, decreased
cardiac output- monitor and notify, AV clock- baseline ECG, OH, rebound myocardium
excitation: taper off meds: monitor clients taking beta blocker concurrently
✔✔propranolol - ✔✔avoid w/ asthma, diabetes- monitor blood glucose b/c it masks
signs of hypoglycemia
✔✔hypertensive crisis: nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, nicardipine, clevidipine, enalaprilat,
esmolol HCl - ✔✔excessive hypotension, cyanide poisoning- increased for liver issues,
reduce by giving less than 5mcg/kg/min or thiosulfate, avoid prolonged use, protect from
light, discard after 24 hr
✔✔cardiac glycosides: digoxin: treatment of heart failure and dysrhythmias -
✔✔dysrhythmias, consume high K foods, .5-2 serum levels of digoxin, avoid use of
quinidine, verapamil, thiazide, ACE can increase digoxin levels, antacids decrease
✔✔adrenergic agonists: - ✔✔epinephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, isoproterenol,
terbutaline
✔✔Epinephrine: alpha 1, beta 1 and 2 - ✔✔vacoconstrict, increase HR, heart
contraction, rate of conduction, bronchodilation helps w/ slows absorption of local
anesthetics, manages superficial bleeding, decreased congestion of nasal mucosa,
increased BP, treatment of AV block and cardiac arrest, asthma
✔✔dopamine: shock and heart failure - ✔✔low dose: renal blood dilation
moderate: beta 1: renal dilation, increase HR, myocardial contractility, increased rate of
conduction
high: all above and vasoconstriction
✔✔dobutamine: beta 1 - ✔✔increased HR, myocardial contraction, rate of conduction:
used w/ heart failure
✔✔epinephrine complications: - ✔✔hypertension, dysrhythmias,
, ✔✔dopamine adverse - ✔✔dysrhythmias, necrosis
✔✔dobutamine adverse - ✔✔increased HR
✔✔Interactions of adrenergic agonists - ✔✔MAOIs with epi, TCAs with epi, general
anesthetics w/ epi, alpha and beta adrengergic blockers and diuretics block dopamine
✔✔organic nitrates: nitroglycerin, nitro-time (capsules), nitrostat (subling tablet),
nitorlingual (spray), nitro-bid (topical), nitro-dur (transderm), nitro-bid Iv, isosorbide
dinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate- treat angina - ✔✔use aspirin or acetaminophen to
relive pain, OH, reflex tachy, tolerance, can increase cranial pressure, avoid alcohol,
careful w/ beta blocker, calcium channel, diuretic, NO with viagra etc.
✔✔sublingual tablet and translingual spray - ✔✔rapid onset, short duration
treat acute attack, and prophylaxis of acute
use at first sign, prior to activity known to cause pain, stored in cool, dark place
✔✔sustained release - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long term prophylaxis against anginal attacks
swallow w/o crushing or chewing- empty stomach w/ water
✔✔transdermal - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long-term prophylaxis against attacks
patches shouldn't be cut, rotate, no hair, remove w/ soap and water, remove at night
✔✔topical ointment - ✔✔slow onset, long duration
long term phrophylaxis
remove prior dose before applying new dose, clean hairless area, cover w/ saran, avoid
touching ointment,
✔✔IV - ✔✔used for angina that doesn't respond to other meds, contorl BP or induce
hypotension suring surgery, heart failure from acute MI
use glass IV bottle, start slow and titrate up,
✔✔antianginal agent: ranolazine; lower cardiac O2 demand - ✔✔monitor ECG for QT
prolonging, elevated BP, avoid use grapefruit juice, HIV protease, macrolide antibiotics,
verapamil, quinidine, digoxin, simvastatin
✔✔Class 1A-- Procainamide, quinidine gluconate, quinidien sulfast, disopyramide -
✔✔decrease electrical conduction, automaticity, repolarization rate: used w/
supraventricular tachycardia, ventricular tachycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrilation:
