PATH 1000 FINAL EXAM | TOP SCORES MADE SIMPLE
| TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
What is pulmonary disease? - Answer: Type of disease that affects the lungs and other
associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - Answer: Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-
infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - Answer: True -
the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - Answer: hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration? - Answer: increased respirations and tidal volumes
Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - Answer: cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia - Answer: reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
1
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,What is hypoxia? - Answer: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - Answer: Defined as inadequate gas exchange.
Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from disease to other
body systems
What is flail chest? - Answer: Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move
independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - Answer: -Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - Answer: occurs when a small air blister
(bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax? - Answer: Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or
condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - Answer: transthoracic needle aspiration
When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - Answer: Open air
pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration. Closed
air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - Answer: pleural effusion
2
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,Collection of blood in the pleural space - Answer: hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - Answer: Empyema
What is a restrictive lung disorder - Answer: decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - Answer: Individuals experience
dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - Answer: Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - Answer: -Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - Answer: atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - Answer: - Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
3
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, Persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - Answer: Bronchiectasis
Clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling sputum,
hemoptysis and clubbing - Answer: bronchiectasis
Excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - Answer: pulmonary
fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - Answer: caused by formation of scar tissue
after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries -
chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis and marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower
respiratory tract infection - Answer: bronchiolitis in adults
Excess water in the lungs - Answer: pulmonary edema
Causes of pulmonary edema - Answer: left sided heart disease or capillary injury
Clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema? (5) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Hypoxemia
-increased work of breathing
-Crackles (rales)
-Dullness on percussion
Treatment for pulmonary edema - Answer: depends on cause - left sided heart failure:
diuretics, vasodilators and medications, capillary injury: maintain adequate ventilation
and circulation
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
| TRUSTED TEST SOLUTIONS!
What is pulmonary disease? - Answer: Type of disease that affects the lungs and other
associated parts of the respiratory system.
Describe pulmonary disease - Answer: Acute, obstructive, chronic or infectious/non-
infectious
Pulmonary disease can be associated with other organs - True or False - Answer: True -
the heart in particular
Signs and symptoms of pulmonary disease (8) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Cough
-Sputum
-Pain
-Cyanosis
-Clubbing
-Hemopysis
-Abnormal breathing patterns
Coughing up blood - Answer: hemoptysis
What is kussmal respiration? - Answer: increased respirations and tidal volumes
Alternating breathing patterns of deep and shallow breathing - Answer: cheyne-stokes
What is hypoxemia - Answer: reduced oxygenation of arterial blood
1
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,What is hypoxia? - Answer: deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues
What happens in respiratory failure? - Answer: Defined as inadequate gas exchange.
Can result from injury to lungs, airway or chest wall or indirectly from disease to other
body systems
What is flail chest? - Answer: Results from fractures of ribs, which allow ribs to move
independently during respiration
Clinical manifestations flail chest? (5) - Answer: -Pain in chest
-Tenderness
-Difficulty breathing
-Bruising and inflammation
-Paradoxical movement when breathing
What is primary (spontaneous) pneumothorax? - Answer: occurs when a small air blister
(bleb) on the top of the lung ruptures
What is secondary pneumothorax? - Answer: Caused by disease, trauma, injury, or
condition
What causes iatrogenic pneumothorax? - Answer: transthoracic needle aspiration
When is the difference between open and closed pneumothorax? - Answer: Open air
pressure enters into pleural space during inspiration and exits during expiration. Closed
air does not escape pleural space during expiration
Presence of fluid in plural space - Answer: pleural effusion
2
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
,Collection of blood in the pleural space - Answer: hemothorax
Presence of pus in the plural space - Answer: Empyema
What is a restrictive lung disorder - Answer: decrease compliance of the lung tissue
What is the impact from restrictive lung disorders? - Answer: Individuals experience
dyspnea, increased respiratory rate, and decreased tidal volume
Passage of fluid and solid particles into the lung - Answer: Aspiration
Clinical manifestations of aspiration? - Answer: -Sudden onset of choking
-Intractable cough
-fever
-dyspnea
-Wheezing
Collapse of lung tissue - Answer: atelectasis
What are the 3 types of atelectasis? - Answer: - Compression
- Absorption
- Surfactant
Clinical manifestations of atelectasis? (4) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Fever
-Cough
-Leukocytosis
3
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
, Persistant abnormal dilation of the bronchi - Answer: Bronchiectasis
Clinical manifestations include: chronic productive cough, a lot of foul smelling sputum,
hemoptysis and clubbing - Answer: bronchiectasis
Excessive amount of fibrous or connective tissue in the lungs - Answer: pulmonary
fibrosis
Pathophysiology of pulmonary fibrosis - Answer: caused by formation of scar tissue
after active pulmonary diseases, autoimmune disorders, arthritis, or inhalation injuries -
chronic inflammation leads to fibrosis and marked loss of lung compliance
Can occur in otherwise healthy individuals in association with an upper or lower
respiratory tract infection - Answer: bronchiolitis in adults
Excess water in the lungs - Answer: pulmonary edema
Causes of pulmonary edema - Answer: left sided heart disease or capillary injury
Clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema? (5) - Answer: -Dyspnea
-Hypoxemia
-increased work of breathing
-Crackles (rales)
-Dullness on percussion
Treatment for pulmonary edema - Answer: depends on cause - left sided heart failure:
diuretics, vasodilators and medications, capillary injury: maintain adequate ventilation
and circulation
4
APPHIA - Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
