NURS 328 Quiz 1 – Questions With Expert Solutions
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Terms in this set (165)
The PICO (population, a framework for asking well-worded questions and
intervention, comparison, searching for evidence
outcome) framework
reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing
hypotheses from that theory, and then collecting and
deductive reasoning
analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of
reasoning goes from general to specific
involves beginning with a set of empirical observations,
seeking patterns in those observations, and then
Inductive reasoning
theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning
goes from specific to general.
the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we
Epistemology
know what we know.
Ontology the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
describes a particular way of looking at things that
Paradigm encompasses both philosophical assumptions and the
approach taken to guide an inquiry
research conducted to investigate questions to be
Quantitative research answered using a rigorous design involving
measurement and quantification
the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth
manner to investigate phenomena using a flexible
Qualitative research
design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as
interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one
terms truth
Qualitative descriptive subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism,
terms naturalism, multiple truths
, based on positivism, experimental, statistical,
Quantitative approach
ontologically = one truth, one reality
based on interpretivism and constructivism, process
Qualitative approach and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an
mixed methods research effort to build convincing claims about the relationships
between attributes and outcomes
phenomena observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
quantitative information obtained from government
statistical data agencies, businesses, research studies, and other
entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Documents and/or images which have become
Textual data recorded without the intervention of a researcher (e.g.
through an interview).
Themes Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables factors that can change in an experiment
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
dependent variable
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
independent variable
whose effect is being studied.
- are different
quantitative and qualitative - the best method is one suited to answering the
studies specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
tend to involve examination of dependent and
Quantitative studies independent variables that are often expressed in a
predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are
studies sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and
studies quantitative data to answer the research questions
, ANSWER: IV (Independent What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a
variable) teenager's emotional well-being?
The question concerns the
effect of the diagnosis (the
influence or cause) on
teenagers' emotional well-
being (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does
variable) a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
The question concerns the
effect of the relaxation
intervention (the cause or
influence) on surgical
patients' pain levels (the
outcome or effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower
variable) amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher
The question concerns the incidence of medication errors?
effect of amounts of daily
sleep (the cause or
influence) on medication
errors (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: IV (Independent 4. In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger
variable) for an asthmatic attack?
The question concerns the
effect of children's anger
(the cause or influence) on
the onset of an asthmatic
attack (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 5. Do male versus female schizophrenics differ with
variable) regard to medication compliance?
The question concerns the
effect of gender (the
influence) on medication
compliance (the outcome
or effect).
Save
Terms in this set (165)
The PICO (population, a framework for asking well-worded questions and
intervention, comparison, searching for evidence
outcome) framework
reasoning involves beginning with a theory, developing
hypotheses from that theory, and then collecting and
deductive reasoning
analyzing data to test those hypotheses. This type of
reasoning goes from general to specific
involves beginning with a set of empirical observations,
seeking patterns in those observations, and then
Inductive reasoning
theorizing about those patterns. This type of reasoning
goes from specific to general.
the philosophy of the nature of knowledge, or how we
Epistemology
know what we know.
Ontology the philosophy of the nature of reality or being
describes a particular way of looking at things that
Paradigm encompasses both philosophical assumptions and the
approach taken to guide an inquiry
research conducted to investigate questions to be
Quantitative research answered using a rigorous design involving
measurement and quantification
the research conducted in a holistic and in-depth
manner to investigate phenomena using a flexible
Qualitative research
design involving narrative/non-numeric data such as
interviews or focus groups
quantitative descriptive objective, variables, positivism, realism, empiricism, one
terms truth
Qualitative descriptive subjective, phenomena, constructivism, relativism,
terms naturalism, multiple truths
, based on positivism, experimental, statistical,
Quantitative approach
ontologically = one truth, one reality
based on interpretivism and constructivism, process
Qualitative approach and meaning,
ontologically = more than one truth, multiple truths
Hypothesis A testable prediction, often implied by a theory
uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, in an
mixed methods research effort to build convincing claims about the relationships
between attributes and outcomes
phenomena observable facts; subjects of scientific investigation
quantitative information obtained from government
statistical data agencies, businesses, research studies, and other
entities that collect data for their own or others' use
Documents and/or images which have become
Textual data recorded without the intervention of a researcher (e.g.
through an interview).
Themes Overarching ideas or driving premises of a work.
Variables factors that can change in an experiment
The outcome factor; the variable that may change in
dependent variable
response to manipulations of the independent variable.
The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable
independent variable
whose effect is being studied.
- are different
quantitative and qualitative - the best method is one suited to answering the
studies specific research question.
- one type of study is not better than the other.
Qualitative studies tend to involve exploration of concepts or phenomena
tend to involve examination of dependent and
Quantitative studies independent variables that are often expressed in a
predictive relationship that is called a hypotheses.
the data in qualitative often expressed as textual or narrative. the results are
studies sometimes expressed using themes
data in quantitative studies often numerical or statistical.
mixed methods research involves collecting and analyzing both qualitative and
studies quantitative data to answer the research questions
, ANSWER: IV (Independent What effect does a cancer diagnosis have on a
variable) teenager's emotional well-being?
The question concerns the
effect of the diagnosis (the
influence or cause) on
teenagers' emotional well-
being (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 2. Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does
variable) a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels?
The question concerns the
effect of the relaxation
intervention (the cause or
influence) on surgical
patients' pain levels (the
outcome or effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 3. Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower
variable) amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher
The question concerns the incidence of medication errors?
effect of amounts of daily
sleep (the cause or
influence) on medication
errors (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: IV (Independent 4. In school-age children with asthma, is anger a trigger
variable) for an asthmatic attack?
The question concerns the
effect of children's anger
(the cause or influence) on
the onset of an asthmatic
attack (the outcome or
effect).
ANSWER: DV (Dependent 5. Do male versus female schizophrenics differ with
variable) regard to medication compliance?
The question concerns the
effect of gender (the
influence) on medication
compliance (the outcome
or effect).
