NURS 3366 EXAM 2 QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 GRADED A+.
What are droplet precautions? - ANSWER Droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, or an
individual can invade the host's nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, or mouth.
Examples: flu, pneumonia, meningitis.
Hand washing, PPE, face mask while in the room.
Stages of the course of a disease- ANSWER 1-Incubation period: the pathogen is replicating but
without the presence of S/S
2-Prodromal stage: The first presence of S/S can be very mild.
3-Acute stage: Maximum effect or with highly-marked S/S.
4-Convalescent period: where there is containment of infection, resolute of S/S.
5-Resolution: this will involve the pathogen getting eliminated wholly with no lingering S/S
What is an exceptions to the classic stages? -ANSWER -may become chronic disease
-may be subclinical or subacute (very little S/S)
-fulminant/fulminating illness: abrupt onset w little or no prodrome
What are 2 examples antibiotic resistance? -ANSWER beta-lactimase and Vancomycin
,What is beta lactam resistance? -ANSWER -penicillin and derivatives are called
"beta-lactam" antibiotics because they all have molecular structure called "beta-lactam" ring
-microbes have mutated and developed beta lactamase and target beta lactam ring
ex: penicillins- methicillin, amoxicillin
What are airborne precautions? - ANSWER Used when a client has a suspected or known infection
that is transmitted via the airborne route.
Examples: TB, chickenpox.
Handwashing, PPE, N95, the filter face mask upon entrance into the room.
Why are beta lactams not as effective against a wide spectrum of microbes as they once were? -
ANSWER -certain microbes mutated and developed an enzyme,
"beta-lactamase" which can destroy beta lactam antibiotics by dismantling the beta lactam ring
What are 2 specific beta-lactamase microbes? - ANSWER -MRSA and resistant Streptococcus
penumoniae
What is MRSA? - ANSWER methicillin-resistant staphyloccous aureas (methicillin- a beta-lactam
antibiotic)
MRSA is generally known as ____ disease and developed in the ____ because ____ - ANSWER
nosocomial disease
1960s
hospitalized patients had been on methicillin so long that one strain of the staph bacteria mutated
and became resistant
,What does MRSA normally invade? - ANSWER wounds but likes fomites like urinary catheters, IV
catheters, which will take it to a site to colonize, such as the bladder or the blood
-found in wounds of people who haven't been in a hospital setting
What is one of the few drugs that will destroy MRSA? - ANSWER vancomycin
Resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common microbe causing _____ and now due to the
resistance because of overtreatment of penicillin the new strain causes _____ - ANSWER otitis
media (inner ear infection)
ear infections to be much harder to get rid of
What is VRE? - ANSWER vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
hospital associated infection
The enterococcus faecalis is a normal bowel flora but in ____ it will ____ - ANSWER hospitalized
people it will migrate to urinary tract and other areas
Why did it become resistant? - ANSWER -resistance developed due to a mutated gene that changed
one small part of a protein on enterococcus wall and now vancomycin wont bind to microbe cell wall
to destroy it
-NOW heavy duty alternative antbx effective now
What is cellulitis? - ANS infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
What is the new strain that has developed and where is it found? - ANSWER community acquired
MRSA
, S.aureus on top of skin gains deeper entry through laceration or puncture
Cellulitis sometimes follows a milder staph infection called ___ and is an eruption of ___ - ANS
impetigo
eruption of blisters around nose/mouth that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
What is botulism? - ANS -caused by toxin of Clostridium botulinum- can invade body via food or
soil
-blocks acetylcholine muscle receptor cells
-typical S/S is descending, symmetric paralysis including respiratory
-"floppy baby syndrome" in children that eat honey contaminated with C. botulinum
-considered one of the top candidates for bioterrorism use
-when stimulated, inhibitory neurotransmitters are blocked and result in continuous nerve impulses
to the muscle cells and can lead to clenching of the jaw muscles- TRISMUS or more serious tetany
(muscle twitching, cramps, convlusions)
tx- antibiotics, and TIG (tetanus immunoglobin)
What is rabies? - ANSWER -virus transmitted in saliva of infected host usually by bite to skin
(bats!!)
-virus travels up PNS to brain and spinal cord (CNS) and causes brain inflammation and leads to
-S/S: anxiety, agitation, confusion, convulsions, large amounts of saliva, plus dysphagea
(foaming at the mouth) and hydrophobia (can't swallow)
ANSWERS (100% VERIFIED) LATEST UPDATE
2026/2027 GRADED A+.
What are droplet precautions? - ANSWER Droplets produced by coughing, sneezing, talking, or an
individual can invade the host's nasal mucosa, conjunctiva, or mouth.
Examples: flu, pneumonia, meningitis.
Hand washing, PPE, face mask while in the room.
Stages of the course of a disease- ANSWER 1-Incubation period: the pathogen is replicating but
without the presence of S/S
2-Prodromal stage: The first presence of S/S can be very mild.
3-Acute stage: Maximum effect or with highly-marked S/S.
4-Convalescent period: where there is containment of infection, resolute of S/S.
5-Resolution: this will involve the pathogen getting eliminated wholly with no lingering S/S
What is an exceptions to the classic stages? -ANSWER -may become chronic disease
-may be subclinical or subacute (very little S/S)
-fulminant/fulminating illness: abrupt onset w little or no prodrome
What are 2 examples antibiotic resistance? -ANSWER beta-lactimase and Vancomycin
,What is beta lactam resistance? -ANSWER -penicillin and derivatives are called
"beta-lactam" antibiotics because they all have molecular structure called "beta-lactam" ring
-microbes have mutated and developed beta lactamase and target beta lactam ring
ex: penicillins- methicillin, amoxicillin
What are airborne precautions? - ANSWER Used when a client has a suspected or known infection
that is transmitted via the airborne route.
Examples: TB, chickenpox.
Handwashing, PPE, N95, the filter face mask upon entrance into the room.
Why are beta lactams not as effective against a wide spectrum of microbes as they once were? -
ANSWER -certain microbes mutated and developed an enzyme,
"beta-lactamase" which can destroy beta lactam antibiotics by dismantling the beta lactam ring
What are 2 specific beta-lactamase microbes? - ANSWER -MRSA and resistant Streptococcus
penumoniae
What is MRSA? - ANSWER methicillin-resistant staphyloccous aureas (methicillin- a beta-lactam
antibiotic)
MRSA is generally known as ____ disease and developed in the ____ because ____ - ANSWER
nosocomial disease
1960s
hospitalized patients had been on methicillin so long that one strain of the staph bacteria mutated
and became resistant
,What does MRSA normally invade? - ANSWER wounds but likes fomites like urinary catheters, IV
catheters, which will take it to a site to colonize, such as the bladder or the blood
-found in wounds of people who haven't been in a hospital setting
What is one of the few drugs that will destroy MRSA? - ANSWER vancomycin
Resistant streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common microbe causing _____ and now due to the
resistance because of overtreatment of penicillin the new strain causes _____ - ANSWER otitis
media (inner ear infection)
ear infections to be much harder to get rid of
What is VRE? - ANSWER vancomycin-resistant enterococcus
hospital associated infection
The enterococcus faecalis is a normal bowel flora but in ____ it will ____ - ANSWER hospitalized
people it will migrate to urinary tract and other areas
Why did it become resistant? - ANSWER -resistance developed due to a mutated gene that changed
one small part of a protein on enterococcus wall and now vancomycin wont bind to microbe cell wall
to destroy it
-NOW heavy duty alternative antbx effective now
What is cellulitis? - ANS infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue
What is the new strain that has developed and where is it found? - ANSWER community acquired
MRSA
, S.aureus on top of skin gains deeper entry through laceration or puncture
Cellulitis sometimes follows a milder staph infection called ___ and is an eruption of ___ - ANS
impetigo
eruption of blisters around nose/mouth that are itchy, crusty, and contagious
What is botulism? - ANS -caused by toxin of Clostridium botulinum- can invade body via food or
soil
-blocks acetylcholine muscle receptor cells
-typical S/S is descending, symmetric paralysis including respiratory
-"floppy baby syndrome" in children that eat honey contaminated with C. botulinum
-considered one of the top candidates for bioterrorism use
-when stimulated, inhibitory neurotransmitters are blocked and result in continuous nerve impulses
to the muscle cells and can lead to clenching of the jaw muscles- TRISMUS or more serious tetany
(muscle twitching, cramps, convlusions)
tx- antibiotics, and TIG (tetanus immunoglobin)
What is rabies? - ANSWER -virus transmitted in saliva of infected host usually by bite to skin
(bats!!)
-virus travels up PNS to brain and spinal cord (CNS) and causes brain inflammation and leads to
-S/S: anxiety, agitation, confusion, convulsions, large amounts of saliva, plus dysphagea
(foaming at the mouth) and hydrophobia (can't swallow)
