UNE MICROBIOLOGY FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
CORRECTLY ANSWERED 100% SOLVED REVISED 2025
Microbiology Final Exam: 100 Questions & Answers
Category 1: Fundamentals & History (Questions 1-10)
1. Who is credited with the first observations of
microorganisms using a primitive microscope?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of heating liquids to kill most bacteria and
prevent spoilage is called:
A) Fermentation
B) Pasteurization
C) Sterilization
D) Lyophilization
3. Which scientist definitively disproved the theory of
spontaneous generation using swan-neck flasks?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Francesco Redi
D) Alexander Fleming
,4. Robert Koch is best known for:
A) Developing the first vaccine
B) Discovering penicillin
C) Establishing a series of postulates to prove the cause of a
disease
D) Inventing the electron microscope
5. The term "antibiotic" was first coined by:
A) Paul Ehrlich
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Selman Waksman
D) Edward Jenner
6. Which of the following is the smallest in size?
A) Yeast cell
B) Bacterium
C) Virus
D) Protozoan parasite
7. The study of fungi is known as:
A) Bacteriology
B) Virology
C) Mycology
D) Parasitology
8. The first person to use chemical disinfectants (phenol) in
surgical procedures was:
,A) Ignaz Semmelweis
B) Joseph Lister
C) John Snow
D) Robert Koch
9. Which domain includes prokaryotic organisms that often
live in extreme environments?
A) Eukarya
B) Bacteria
C) Archaea
D) Protista
10. The idea that life could arise from non-living matter was
known as:
A) Biogenesis
B) Germ Theory of Disease
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Koch's Postulates
Category 2: Microbial Structure & Function (Questions 11-30)
11. The rigid outer layer found in most bacterial cells that
provides structural support is the:
A) Cell membrane
B) Capsule
, C) Cell wall
D) Nucleoid
12. Which bacterial structure is primarily involved in protein
synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Inclusions
C) Chromosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
13. A bacterial cell that is spherical in shape is called a:
A) Bacillus
B) Coccus
C) Spirillum
D) Vibrio
14. The region in a bacterial cell where the chromosomal DNA
is located is called the:
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Nucleoid
D) Plasmid
15. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Gram-
positive cell wall?
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Teichoic acid
ANSWERS WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS LATEST UPDATE
CORRECTLY ANSWERED 100% SOLVED REVISED 2025
Microbiology Final Exam: 100 Questions & Answers
Category 1: Fundamentals & History (Questions 1-10)
1. Who is credited with the first observations of
microorganisms using a primitive microscope?
A) Louis Pasteur
B) Robert Koch
C) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D) Joseph Lister
2. The process of heating liquids to kill most bacteria and
prevent spoilage is called:
A) Fermentation
B) Pasteurization
C) Sterilization
D) Lyophilization
3. Which scientist definitively disproved the theory of
spontaneous generation using swan-neck flasks?
A) Robert Hooke
B) Louis Pasteur
C) Francesco Redi
D) Alexander Fleming
,4. Robert Koch is best known for:
A) Developing the first vaccine
B) Discovering penicillin
C) Establishing a series of postulates to prove the cause of a
disease
D) Inventing the electron microscope
5. The term "antibiotic" was first coined by:
A) Paul Ehrlich
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Selman Waksman
D) Edward Jenner
6. Which of the following is the smallest in size?
A) Yeast cell
B) Bacterium
C) Virus
D) Protozoan parasite
7. The study of fungi is known as:
A) Bacteriology
B) Virology
C) Mycology
D) Parasitology
8. The first person to use chemical disinfectants (phenol) in
surgical procedures was:
,A) Ignaz Semmelweis
B) Joseph Lister
C) John Snow
D) Robert Koch
9. Which domain includes prokaryotic organisms that often
live in extreme environments?
A) Eukarya
B) Bacteria
C) Archaea
D) Protista
10. The idea that life could arise from non-living matter was
known as:
A) Biogenesis
B) Germ Theory of Disease
C) Spontaneous Generation
D) Koch's Postulates
Category 2: Microbial Structure & Function (Questions 11-30)
11. The rigid outer layer found in most bacterial cells that
provides structural support is the:
A) Cell membrane
B) Capsule
, C) Cell wall
D) Nucleoid
12. Which bacterial structure is primarily involved in protein
synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Inclusions
C) Chromosome
D) Golgi Apparatus
13. A bacterial cell that is spherical in shape is called a:
A) Bacillus
B) Coccus
C) Spirillum
D) Vibrio
14. The region in a bacterial cell where the chromosomal DNA
is located is called the:
A) Nucleus
B) Nucleolus
C) Nucleoid
D) Plasmid
15. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Gram-
positive cell wall?
A) Peptidoglycan
B) Teichoic acid
