Nagelhout Pharmacology Exam 1
Review
pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER-the preparation and dispensing of drugs
pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER-genetic influences by and on drugs
pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER-physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs
(e.g. receptor theory)
pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER-identifies discrete genetic differences
among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-is the study of the use and effects of
drugs on large groups of people
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of drugs
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER-the formulation and preparation of drugs
pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the economic impact of drugs
toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds
ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Effective dose in 50% of the population
TD50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Toxic Dose in 50% of the population
LD50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Lethal Dose in 50% of the population
Therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWER-LD50/ED50
Therapeutic window - CORRECT ANSWER-TD50/ED50
, Two types of ligands - CORRECT ANSWER-Agonist or Antagonist
Reversible binding of ligands is called - CORRECT ANSWER-competitive
non-reversible binding of ligands is called - CORRECT ANSWER-noncompetitive
5 types of chemical bonds in order of increasing strength - CORRECT ANSWER-van
der waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
5 types of chemical bonds in order of decreasing strength - CORRECT ANSWER-
covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der waals
Occupation of receptors by ligands is governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER-affinity
Activation of receptors by ligands is governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER-efficacy
A dose response curve can show: - CORRECT ANSWER-Affinity (potency), Efficacy,
Variability, Slope
Up regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-an increase in receptor proteins as a response to
chronic blockade
Down regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Desensitization (refractoriness) following
continued stimulation (agonists). Chronic beta stimulant use for asthma resulting in
increased dose necessary is an example
Drug Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by
concurrent administration of other exogenous chemicals
1+1 = 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-Addition; The combined effect of two drugs acting via
the same mechanism is equal to that expected by simple addition of their individual
actions
Ex) midazolam + diazepam
1+1=3 - CORRECT ANSWER-synergism; The combined effect of two drugs is greater
than the sum of their individuals effects
Ex) Midazolam + Propofol
1+0=3 - CORRECT ANSWER-potentiation; The enhancement of the action of one drug
by a second that has no detectable action of its own.
Ex) Penicillin + probenacid
antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER-1+1=0; The action of one drug opposes the action
of another
Ex) fentanyl + naloxone
Review
pharmacy - CORRECT ANSWER-the preparation and dispensing of drugs
pharmacogenetics - CORRECT ANSWER-genetic influences by and on drugs
pharmacodynamics - CORRECT ANSWER-physiological and biochemical mechanism
of action of drugs
(e.g. receptor theory)
pharmacogenomics - CORRECT ANSWER-identifies discrete genetic differences
among individuals that play a critical role in drug response
pharmacoepidemiology - CORRECT ANSWER-is the study of the use and effects of
drugs on large groups of people
Pharmacology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the effect of chemicals on living
tissue
Pharmacokinetics - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion of drugs
Pharmaceutics - CORRECT ANSWER-the formulation and preparation of drugs
pharmacoeconomics - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the economic impact of drugs
toxicology - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the harmful effects of chemicals
pharmacognosy - CORRECT ANSWER-the study of the medicinal uses of naturally
occurring compounds
ED50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Effective dose in 50% of the population
TD50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Toxic Dose in 50% of the population
LD50 - CORRECT ANSWER-Lethal Dose in 50% of the population
Therapeutic index - CORRECT ANSWER-LD50/ED50
Therapeutic window - CORRECT ANSWER-TD50/ED50
, Two types of ligands - CORRECT ANSWER-Agonist or Antagonist
Reversible binding of ligands is called - CORRECT ANSWER-competitive
non-reversible binding of ligands is called - CORRECT ANSWER-noncompetitive
5 types of chemical bonds in order of increasing strength - CORRECT ANSWER-van
der waals, hydrophobic, hydrogen, ionic, covalent
5 types of chemical bonds in order of decreasing strength - CORRECT ANSWER-
covalent, ionic, hydrogen, hydrophobic, van der waals
Occupation of receptors by ligands is governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER-affinity
Activation of receptors by ligands is governed by: - CORRECT ANSWER-efficacy
A dose response curve can show: - CORRECT ANSWER-Affinity (potency), Efficacy,
Variability, Slope
Up regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-an increase in receptor proteins as a response to
chronic blockade
Down regulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Desensitization (refractoriness) following
continued stimulation (agonists). Chronic beta stimulant use for asthma resulting in
increased dose necessary is an example
Drug Interaction - CORRECT ANSWER-Alteration in the therapeutic action of a drug by
concurrent administration of other exogenous chemicals
1+1 = 2 - CORRECT ANSWER-Addition; The combined effect of two drugs acting via
the same mechanism is equal to that expected by simple addition of their individual
actions
Ex) midazolam + diazepam
1+1=3 - CORRECT ANSWER-synergism; The combined effect of two drugs is greater
than the sum of their individuals effects
Ex) Midazolam + Propofol
1+0=3 - CORRECT ANSWER-potentiation; The enhancement of the action of one drug
by a second that has no detectable action of its own.
Ex) Penicillin + probenacid
antagonism - CORRECT ANSWER-1+1=0; The action of one drug opposes the action
of another
Ex) fentanyl + naloxone
