PCB 3233 Exam 2 V2 (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
When the Mannose receptor receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
Activate the Lectin complement cascade
Enhance complement fixation to pathogen surfaces
When the CR3 CR4 receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
CR3 and CR4 recognize iC3b and other ligands such as:
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide (Gram negative bacteria)
- Lipophosphoglycan
- Filamentous hemagglutinin
- Cell-surface structures on yeast
When the Scavenger receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
preference for molecules that are negatively charged
Nucleic acids, phosphate-containing lipoteichoic acids (Gram positive bacteria) and LPS (Gram
negative bacteria)
When the following receptors are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a macrophage? TLR's.
TLR-4 expressed on Macrophages
TLR-4 detects LPS and sends a signal to the nucleus of the macrophage to make and secrete
inflammatory cytokines as well as cytokines that activate innate immune responses
, PCB 3233 Exam 2 V2 (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
What do TLR 3, 4, 5 and 7 bind to?
Ligands
TLR3= double-stranded viral RNA Microorganisms recognized = RNA viruses
TLR4= lipopolysaccharide microorganisms recognized = gram negative bacteria
TLR5= Flagellin, protein Microorganisms recognized = bacteria
TLR7= single-stranded viral RNA's Microorganisms recognized = RNA viruses
Know the TLR4 signaling mechanism. All of the extracellular including LBP and intracellular,
MyD88-TIR domain and IKK-NFkB-àsignaling.
a. Adaptor protein →MyD88
b. Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK)
c. Translocation of TF nuclear factor κB (NFκB) from cytoplasm to the nucleus
d. Directs the transcription of genes for inflammatory cytokines
what 5 genes (that you learned about) are transcribed because of the TLR-4 recognition?
1. IL-1
2. IL-6,
3. CXCL8,
4. IL-12
5. TNF-α
, PCB 3233 Exam 2 V2 (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
What is the general term given to these 5 gene products of TLR4?
Proinflammatory Cytokines
Know what neutrophils do and what lineage they come from during hematopoiesis.
Dedicated phagocytes that are summoned to sites of infection
Excluded from healthy tissue
Release of inflammatory mediators at infection sites are what attracts neutrophils
Neutrophils become dominant phagocytic cells
Neutrophils → pus
What is another name for neutrophils.
Neutrophil Granulocytes (Polymorphonuclear PMN)
4 classes of adhesion molecules
Selectins= bind carbohydrates. Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
Mucin-like vascular addressins= Bind to L-selectin. Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
Integrins= Bind to cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
When the Mannose receptor receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
Activate the Lectin complement cascade
Enhance complement fixation to pathogen surfaces
When the CR3 CR4 receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
CR3 and CR4 recognize iC3b and other ligands such as:
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide (Gram negative bacteria)
- Lipophosphoglycan
- Filamentous hemagglutinin
- Cell-surface structures on yeast
When the Scavenger receptor are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a phagocyte
preference for molecules that are negatively charged
Nucleic acids, phosphate-containing lipoteichoic acids (Gram positive bacteria) and LPS (Gram
negative bacteria)
When the following receptors are engaged what mechanism is initiated in a macrophage? TLR's.
TLR-4 expressed on Macrophages
TLR-4 detects LPS and sends a signal to the nucleus of the macrophage to make and secrete
inflammatory cytokines as well as cytokines that activate innate immune responses
, PCB 3233 Exam 2 V2 (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
What do TLR 3, 4, 5 and 7 bind to?
Ligands
TLR3= double-stranded viral RNA Microorganisms recognized = RNA viruses
TLR4= lipopolysaccharide microorganisms recognized = gram negative bacteria
TLR5= Flagellin, protein Microorganisms recognized = bacteria
TLR7= single-stranded viral RNA's Microorganisms recognized = RNA viruses
Know the TLR4 signaling mechanism. All of the extracellular including LBP and intracellular,
MyD88-TIR domain and IKK-NFkB-àsignaling.
a. Adaptor protein →MyD88
b. Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK)
c. Translocation of TF nuclear factor κB (NFκB) from cytoplasm to the nucleus
d. Directs the transcription of genes for inflammatory cytokines
what 5 genes (that you learned about) are transcribed because of the TLR-4 recognition?
1. IL-1
2. IL-6,
3. CXCL8,
4. IL-12
5. TNF-α
, PCB 3233 Exam 2 V2 (Latest 2026/ 2027
Update) Review| Questions & Answers
|100% verified | Grade A
What is the general term given to these 5 gene products of TLR4?
Proinflammatory Cytokines
Know what neutrophils do and what lineage they come from during hematopoiesis.
Dedicated phagocytes that are summoned to sites of infection
Excluded from healthy tissue
Release of inflammatory mediators at infection sites are what attracts neutrophils
Neutrophils become dominant phagocytic cells
Neutrophils → pus
What is another name for neutrophils.
Neutrophil Granulocytes (Polymorphonuclear PMN)
4 classes of adhesion molecules
Selectins= bind carbohydrates. Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
Mucin-like vascular addressins= Bind to L-selectin. Initiate leukocyte-endothelial interaction
Integrins= Bind to cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix
