NURS 3366 - Pathophysiology Exam 3 Review questions with answers

NURS 3366 - Pathophysiology: Exam 3
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Review questions with answers |\ |\ |\




What is the initiating event that leads to the development
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of atherosclerosis?
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a. Release of the inflammatory cytokines
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b. Macrophages adhere to vessel walls.
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c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
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d. Release of the platelet-deprived growth factor
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c. Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls
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What is the effect of oxidized low-density lipoproteins
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(LDLs) in atherosclerosis?
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a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
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b. LDLs cause regression of atherosclerotic plaques.
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c. LDLs increase levels of inflammatory cytokines.
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d. LDLs direct macrophages to the site in the endothelium.
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a. LDLs cause smooth muscle proliferation.
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Which factor is responsible for the hypertrophy of the
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myocardium associated with hypertension? |\ |\ |\ |\




a. Increased norepinephrine
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b. Adducin
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c. Angiotensin II
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d. Insulin resistance
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c. Angiotensin II
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,What pathologic change occurs to the kidney’s glomeruli
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as a result of hypertension?
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a. Compression of the renal tubules
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b. Ischemia of the tubule
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c. Increased pressure from within the tubule
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d. Obstruction of the renal tubule
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b. Ischemia of the tubule
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What effect does atherosclerosis have on the
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development of an aneurysm? |\ |\ |\ |\




a. Atherosclerosis causes ischemia of the intima.
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b. It increases nitric oxide.
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c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
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d. It obstructs the vessel.
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c. Atherosclerosis erodes the vessel wall.
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Regarding the endothelium, what is the difference
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between healthy vessel walls and those that promote clot
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formation?
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a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery
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are present. |\




b. Hypertrophy and vasoconstriction of the endothelium of the
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artery are present. |\ |\




c. Excessive clot formation and lipid accumulation in the
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endothelium of the artery are present. |\ |\ |\ |\ |\




d. Evidence of age-related changes that weaken the endothelium
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of the artery are present.
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a. Inflammation and roughening of the endothelium of the artery
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are present. |\

,What is the usual source of pulmonary emboli?
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a. Deep venous thrombosis
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b. Endocarditis
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c. Valvular disease
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d. Left heart failure
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a. Deep venous thrombosis
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What change in a vein supports the development of
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varicose veins? |\ |\




a. Increase in osmotic pressure
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b. Damage to the valves in veins
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c. Damage to the venous endothelium
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d. Increase in hydrostatic pressure
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b. Damage to the valves in veins
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What term is used to identify when a cell is temporarily
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deprived of blood supply? |\ |\ |\ |\




a. Infarction
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b. Ischemia
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c. Necrosis
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d. Inflammation
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b. Ischemia
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The risk of developing coronary artery disease is
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increased up to threefold by which factor?
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a. Diabetes mellitus
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b. Hypertension
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c. Obesity
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, d. High alcohol consumption
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b. Hypertension
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Which substance is manufactured by the liver and
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primarily contains cholesterol and protein?
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a. Very low–density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
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b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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d. Triglycerides
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b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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Which elevated value may be protective of the
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development of atherosclerosis? |\ |\ |\




a. Very low–density lipoproteins (VLDLs)
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b. Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs)
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c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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d. Triglycerides
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c. High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
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Which laboratory test is an indirect measure of
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atherosclerotic plaque? |\ |\




a. Homocysteine
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b. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
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c. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
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d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
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d. C-reactive protein (CRP)
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An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of
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troponin, creatine kinase–isoenzyme MB (CK-MB), and
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