UAMS HEMATOLOGY CHAPTER 14
Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
What is Anemia? - Correct answer-Decreased RBCs will be unable to adequately
oxygenate body tissues
Blood will respond by increasing the amount of - Correct answer-2,3-BPG
Ammonia Will have decreased - Correct answer-hemoglobin affinity for O2
causing right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve- More oxygen is released to the
tissue
Ammonia Will also have increased - Correct answer-cardiac output anddecreased
O2 tension in kidney• Causes erythropoietin to be increased
Symptoms of Anemia - Correct answer-Tachycardia (heart arrhythmia)• Shortness
of breath• Headaches• Pallor• Fatigue- Lack of ATP production due to lack of
oxygen
CBC Results in Anemia - Correct answer-Decreased- RBCs- Hemoglobin-
Hematocrit• MCH may be low, normal, or high• MCV may be low, normal, or
high• M:E ratio in most anemia is 1:1 (Normal is 3:1)
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, Macrocytic (MCV > 100fL) - Correct answer-Megaloblastic (B12 and folate)-
Liver disease- Myelodysplastic disorders (rare)- Reticulocytosis
Microcytic, hypochromic (MCV < 80fL) - Correct answer-Due to inadequate
production of some part of hemoglobin• Iron, heme, globin- Iron deficiency - iron
deficient- Thalassemia - globin abnormality- Lead poisoning - heme synthesis-
Chronic disease - cells are slightly small- Sideroblastic anemia - cells are slightly
small
Normocytic, normochromic - Correct answer-Cells are normal - just not enough
red cells• All building blocks are available- Hemolytic- Aplastic- Most
hemoglobinopathies• Not thalassemia- All others• Leukemia, kidney disease, heart
disease, etc.
Physiologic Causes of Anemia - Correct answer-Decreased production- Iron
deficiency- Megaloblastic- Aplastic• Increased destruction or loss- Hemolytic
conditions• Intrinsic• Extrinsic- Acute blood los
Macrocytic anemia describes - Correct answer-any anemia associated with an
elevated MCV
2 etiologic categories of Macrocytic anemia - Correct answer-Megaloblastic•
Abnormal DNA synthesis• MCV >110 fL; oval macrocytes- Non-Megaloblastic•
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Exam 2026 Questions and Answers
What is Anemia? - Correct answer-Decreased RBCs will be unable to adequately
oxygenate body tissues
Blood will respond by increasing the amount of - Correct answer-2,3-BPG
Ammonia Will have decreased - Correct answer-hemoglobin affinity for O2
causing right shift in the oxygen dissociation curve- More oxygen is released to the
tissue
Ammonia Will also have increased - Correct answer-cardiac output anddecreased
O2 tension in kidney• Causes erythropoietin to be increased
Symptoms of Anemia - Correct answer-Tachycardia (heart arrhythmia)• Shortness
of breath• Headaches• Pallor• Fatigue- Lack of ATP production due to lack of
oxygen
CBC Results in Anemia - Correct answer-Decreased- RBCs- Hemoglobin-
Hematocrit• MCH may be low, normal, or high• MCV may be low, normal, or
high• M:E ratio in most anemia is 1:1 (Normal is 3:1)
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 1
, Macrocytic (MCV > 100fL) - Correct answer-Megaloblastic (B12 and folate)-
Liver disease- Myelodysplastic disorders (rare)- Reticulocytosis
Microcytic, hypochromic (MCV < 80fL) - Correct answer-Due to inadequate
production of some part of hemoglobin• Iron, heme, globin- Iron deficiency - iron
deficient- Thalassemia - globin abnormality- Lead poisoning - heme synthesis-
Chronic disease - cells are slightly small- Sideroblastic anemia - cells are slightly
small
Normocytic, normochromic - Correct answer-Cells are normal - just not enough
red cells• All building blocks are available- Hemolytic- Aplastic- Most
hemoglobinopathies• Not thalassemia- All others• Leukemia, kidney disease, heart
disease, etc.
Physiologic Causes of Anemia - Correct answer-Decreased production- Iron
deficiency- Megaloblastic- Aplastic• Increased destruction or loss- Hemolytic
conditions• Intrinsic• Extrinsic- Acute blood los
Macrocytic anemia describes - Correct answer-any anemia associated with an
elevated MCV
2 etiologic categories of Macrocytic anemia - Correct answer-Megaloblastic•
Abnormal DNA synthesis• MCV >110 fL; oval macrocytes- Non-Megaloblastic•
©COPYRIGHT 2025, ALL RIGHTS RESERVED 2
