BSC 2085 Exam 2 – Questions With Reliable
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Terms in this set (280)
Is the largest system of the body
Integumentary System-
16% of body weight
weight and area
1.5 to 2 m2 in area
The integument is made up of two parts
How many parts makeup
1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)
the integumentary system?
2. Accessory structures
consist of two components:
Outer epidermis
Describe the Cutaneous
Superficial epithelium (epithelial tissues)
Membrane
Inner dermis
Connective tissues
Originate in the dermis
Accessory Structure Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:
Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands
What Systems are Cardiovascular system- By blood vessels in the dermis
connected to the Nervous system- By sensory receptors that detect
Integumentary system? stimuli for pain, touch, and temperature
No, Located below the dermis
Is the hypodermis part of -Composed of loose connective tissue: separates
the Integumentary system? integument from the deep fascia around organs
- Location of hypodermic injections
, 1. Protection of underlying tissues and organs
2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and
5 main functions of the evaporation)
Integumentary System? 4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and
storage of lipids
5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
PEMPD
Is avascular stratified squamous epithelium
Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the
dermis
Describe the Epidermis
Dominated by keratinocytes (most abundant type of
epithelial cells) -contain large amounts of the protein
keratin
Thin skin: location and Covers most of the body
layers Has four layers of keratinocytes
Thick skin: location and Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
layers Has five layers of keratinocytes
1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
What are the 5 strata of 3.Stratum granulosum
keratinocytes in thick skin 4. Stratum lucidum (missing in thin skin)
5.Stratum corneum
Bottom to top
-Is attached to basement membrane by
hemidesmosomes
-Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis
-Forms epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprints)
What is the Stratum Basale?
-Dermal papillae (tiny mounds)- projections from the
dermis-Increase the area of basement membrane and
ttrengthen attachment between epidermis and dermis
-Has many basal cells, or germinative cells
What determines Determined by genetics and
fingerprints? uterine environment during fetal development.
Do identical twins have the No
same fingerprints?
, 1. Merkel cells- specialized epithelial tactile cells
Found in hairless skin
What are specialized cells Respond to touch (trigger nervous system)
of Stratum Basale? 2. Melanocytes
Contain the pigment melanin
Scattered throughout stratum basale
"the "spiny layer"
-Produced by division of stratum basale
-Eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound by
desmosomes
-Cells shrink until cytoskeletons stick out (looks spiny) -
What is the Stratum
under normal histological preperations
Spinosum?
-Continue to divide, increasing thickness of epithelium
-Contain dendritic (Langerhans) cells, active in immune
response - defend against microorganisms that get past
superficial layers of epidermis and defend against
superficial skin cancers
-the "grainy layer", Stops dividing, starts producing:
1. Keratin
A tough, fibrous protein
Makes up hair and nails
Describe the Stratum 2. Keratohyalin
Granulosum layer Dense granules
Cross-link keratin fibers
Note: as keratin accumulates, the cell flatten and its
plasma membrane thickens and becomes less
permeable
the "clear layer"
-Found only in thick skin
Describe the Stratum
-Covers stratum granulosum
Lucidum
-Cells here are flattened, densely packed with keratin
and are devoid of organelles
-the "horn layer" (latin cornu=horn)
-Exposed surface of skin (15 to 30 layers of keratinized
cells) lasts about 2 weeks
-Water resistant, not water proof!
Stratum Cornuem
-Shed and replaced every two weeks
-All exposed skin surfaces (except the anterior of the
eyes) undergo cornification (keratinization) - formation
of protective, superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
, -Produce protein fibers
-Dehydrate and die (organelles disintegrate)
Cells of Stratum
-Create tightly interlocked layer of keratin surrounded
Granulosum
by keratohyalin
-Keratohylain cross links keratin and dehydrates cell
-The formation of a layer of dead, protective cells filled
Keratinization with keratin
Occurs on all exposed skin surfaces except eyes
Skin life cycle
-It takes 7 to 10 days for a cell to move from stratum
What is the skin life cycle? basale to stratum corneum
-Once there, cells may remain at stratum corneum for
an additional 2 weeks before shedding off
Two types of perspiration Insensible and sensible
-Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the stratum
What is Insensible
corneum
perspiration
-Lose approx. 500mL or 1 pint of H2O per day
What is sensible Water excreted by sweat glands
perspiration?
-From damage to stratum corneum (e.g., burns and
What are dehydration blisters [insensible perspiration])
results? -From immersion in hypertonic solution (e.g., seawater
[osmosis]) -skin is NOT water proof!
-Results from immersion in hypotonic solution (e.g.,
freshwater [osmosis])
What is hydration?
-Causes swelling of epithelial cells, evident on the
palms and soles
1. Carotene
What pigments influence 2. Melanin
skin color? -Blood circulation (red blood cells) can also affect skin
color
Solutions
Save
Terms in this set (280)
Is the largest system of the body
Integumentary System-
16% of body weight
weight and area
1.5 to 2 m2 in area
The integument is made up of two parts
How many parts makeup
1. Cutaneous membrane (skin)
the integumentary system?
2. Accessory structures
consist of two components:
Outer epidermis
Describe the Cutaneous
Superficial epithelium (epithelial tissues)
Membrane
Inner dermis
Connective tissues
Originate in the dermis
Accessory Structure Extend through the epidermis to skin surface. Includes:
Hair, Nails, Multicellular exocrine glands
What Systems are Cardiovascular system- By blood vessels in the dermis
connected to the Nervous system- By sensory receptors that detect
Integumentary system? stimuli for pain, touch, and temperature
No, Located below the dermis
Is the hypodermis part of -Composed of loose connective tissue: separates
the Integumentary system? integument from the deep fascia around organs
- Location of hypodermic injections
, 1. Protection of underlying tissues and organs
2. Excretion of salts, water, and organic wastes (glands)
3. Maintenance of body temperature (insulation and
5 main functions of the evaporation)
Integumentary System? 4. Production of melanin, keratin, vitamin D3, and
storage of lipids
5. Detection of touch, pressure, pain, and temperature
PEMPD
Is avascular stratified squamous epithelium
Nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the
dermis
Describe the Epidermis
Dominated by keratinocytes (most abundant type of
epithelial cells) -contain large amounts of the protein
keratin
Thin skin: location and Covers most of the body
layers Has four layers of keratinocytes
Thick skin: location and Covers the palms of the hands and soles of the feet
layers Has five layers of keratinocytes
1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
What are the 5 strata of 3.Stratum granulosum
keratinocytes in thick skin 4. Stratum lucidum (missing in thin skin)
5.Stratum corneum
Bottom to top
-Is attached to basement membrane by
hemidesmosomes
-Forms a strong bond between epidermis and dermis
-Forms epidermal ridges (basis of fingerprints)
What is the Stratum Basale?
-Dermal papillae (tiny mounds)- projections from the
dermis-Increase the area of basement membrane and
ttrengthen attachment between epidermis and dermis
-Has many basal cells, or germinative cells
What determines Determined by genetics and
fingerprints? uterine environment during fetal development.
Do identical twins have the No
same fingerprints?
, 1. Merkel cells- specialized epithelial tactile cells
Found in hairless skin
What are specialized cells Respond to touch (trigger nervous system)
of Stratum Basale? 2. Melanocytes
Contain the pigment melanin
Scattered throughout stratum basale
"the "spiny layer"
-Produced by division of stratum basale
-Eight to ten layers of keratinocytes bound by
desmosomes
-Cells shrink until cytoskeletons stick out (looks spiny) -
What is the Stratum
under normal histological preperations
Spinosum?
-Continue to divide, increasing thickness of epithelium
-Contain dendritic (Langerhans) cells, active in immune
response - defend against microorganisms that get past
superficial layers of epidermis and defend against
superficial skin cancers
-the "grainy layer", Stops dividing, starts producing:
1. Keratin
A tough, fibrous protein
Makes up hair and nails
Describe the Stratum 2. Keratohyalin
Granulosum layer Dense granules
Cross-link keratin fibers
Note: as keratin accumulates, the cell flatten and its
plasma membrane thickens and becomes less
permeable
the "clear layer"
-Found only in thick skin
Describe the Stratum
-Covers stratum granulosum
Lucidum
-Cells here are flattened, densely packed with keratin
and are devoid of organelles
-the "horn layer" (latin cornu=horn)
-Exposed surface of skin (15 to 30 layers of keratinized
cells) lasts about 2 weeks
-Water resistant, not water proof!
Stratum Cornuem
-Shed and replaced every two weeks
-All exposed skin surfaces (except the anterior of the
eyes) undergo cornification (keratinization) - formation
of protective, superficial layers of cells filled with keratin
, -Produce protein fibers
-Dehydrate and die (organelles disintegrate)
Cells of Stratum
-Create tightly interlocked layer of keratin surrounded
Granulosum
by keratohyalin
-Keratohylain cross links keratin and dehydrates cell
-The formation of a layer of dead, protective cells filled
Keratinization with keratin
Occurs on all exposed skin surfaces except eyes
Skin life cycle
-It takes 7 to 10 days for a cell to move from stratum
What is the skin life cycle? basale to stratum corneum
-Once there, cells may remain at stratum corneum for
an additional 2 weeks before shedding off
Two types of perspiration Insensible and sensible
-Interstitial fluid lost by evaporation through the stratum
What is Insensible
corneum
perspiration
-Lose approx. 500mL or 1 pint of H2O per day
What is sensible Water excreted by sweat glands
perspiration?
-From damage to stratum corneum (e.g., burns and
What are dehydration blisters [insensible perspiration])
results? -From immersion in hypertonic solution (e.g., seawater
[osmosis]) -skin is NOT water proof!
-Results from immersion in hypotonic solution (e.g.,
freshwater [osmosis])
What is hydration?
-Causes swelling of epithelial cells, evident on the
palms and soles
1. Carotene
What pigments influence 2. Melanin
skin color? -Blood circulation (red blood cells) can also affect skin
color
