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GNRS 582A PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 5
2025-2026|ACTUAL 160+Qs&As|ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the pathways of electrical impulses in the heart? -
..........ANSWER.......SA node - AV node (atria contract) - Bundle
of His - Bundle branches - Purkinje fibers (ventricles contract)
What is the pacemaker of the heart and how many bpm does it
do? - ..........ANSWER.......SA node; 60-100bpm usually
Understanding ECG: What does the P wave represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Small positive deflection, atrial
depolarization. Signal from SA node through atria making the
atria contract
Understanding ECG: What does the QRS complex represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular depolarization. It is larger than
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the P wave because the ventricles are bigger than the atria
meaning more electricity.
Understanding ECG: What does the T wave represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular repolarization. Ventricles have a
chance to relax
Understanding ECG: What is the PR Interval? -
..........ANSWER.......Beginning of the P wave to the beginning of
the QRS complex. Time for the SA node to fire, get to the AV
node, the node to pause and to start the signal to the
ventricles. aka atrioventricular conduction time
Understanding ECG: How long should the QRS interval be? -
..........ANSWER.......Less than 3 small boxes. If it is more, it
means the pump is not going to be efficient. Slow conduction of
the ventricles
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Understanding ECG: What is the QT interval? -
..........ANSWER.......Full time for the ventricles to contract and
fully relax. If it is prolonged, we are trying to contract a
ventricle that wants to relax.
Understanding ECG: What does an elevation of the ST segment
mean? - ..........ANSWER.......It could mean ischemia or
infarction
Understanding ECG: What is the QRS complex? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular depolarization (contraction) and
atrial repolarization (relaxation)
True or False? The P-P and R-R intervals should be regular? -
..........ANSWER.......True
Can normal sinus rhythm be affected by hormones? -
..........ANSWER.......Yes, norepinephrine
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What do pacemaker cells in the SA, AV, and ventricles do? -
..........ANSWER.......Automatically and independently sustain
the heart rhythm
Why are SA nodes the pacemaker of the heart? -
..........ANSWER.......They depolarize more rapidly than other
pacemaker cells meaning they contract more rapidly.
What are the intrinsic heart rates for:
SA node
AV node
Ventricles - ..........ANSWER.......SA: 60-100bpm
AV: 40-60bpm
Ventricles: 20-40bpm
GNRS 582A PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Quiz 5
2025-2026|ACTUAL 160+Qs&As|ALREADY
GRADED A+
What is the pathways of electrical impulses in the heart? -
..........ANSWER.......SA node - AV node (atria contract) - Bundle
of His - Bundle branches - Purkinje fibers (ventricles contract)
What is the pacemaker of the heart and how many bpm does it
do? - ..........ANSWER.......SA node; 60-100bpm usually
Understanding ECG: What does the P wave represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Small positive deflection, atrial
depolarization. Signal from SA node through atria making the
atria contract
Understanding ECG: What does the QRS complex represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular depolarization. It is larger than
,2|Page
the P wave because the ventricles are bigger than the atria
meaning more electricity.
Understanding ECG: What does the T wave represent? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular repolarization. Ventricles have a
chance to relax
Understanding ECG: What is the PR Interval? -
..........ANSWER.......Beginning of the P wave to the beginning of
the QRS complex. Time for the SA node to fire, get to the AV
node, the node to pause and to start the signal to the
ventricles. aka atrioventricular conduction time
Understanding ECG: How long should the QRS interval be? -
..........ANSWER.......Less than 3 small boxes. If it is more, it
means the pump is not going to be efficient. Slow conduction of
the ventricles
,3|Page
Understanding ECG: What is the QT interval? -
..........ANSWER.......Full time for the ventricles to contract and
fully relax. If it is prolonged, we are trying to contract a
ventricle that wants to relax.
Understanding ECG: What does an elevation of the ST segment
mean? - ..........ANSWER.......It could mean ischemia or
infarction
Understanding ECG: What is the QRS complex? -
..........ANSWER.......Ventricular depolarization (contraction) and
atrial repolarization (relaxation)
True or False? The P-P and R-R intervals should be regular? -
..........ANSWER.......True
Can normal sinus rhythm be affected by hormones? -
..........ANSWER.......Yes, norepinephrine
, 4|Page
What do pacemaker cells in the SA, AV, and ventricles do? -
..........ANSWER.......Automatically and independently sustain
the heart rhythm
Why are SA nodes the pacemaker of the heart? -
..........ANSWER.......They depolarize more rapidly than other
pacemaker cells meaning they contract more rapidly.
What are the intrinsic heart rates for:
SA node
AV node
Ventricles - ..........ANSWER.......SA: 60-100bpm
AV: 40-60bpm
Ventricles: 20-40bpm
