MMC 3420 Exam 1 Questions and Answers Latest Update 2025-2026
What is an independent variable? - Answers The variable you think is the CAUSE
What is a dependent variable? - Answers The variable that you think is effected by the I.V. The
EFFECT
When do you pose a hypothesis instead of a Research Question? - Answers When previous data,
theory, or research backs up your claim
What makes a good hypothesis? - Answers Clear, concise, testable (There are other qualities . . .)
What makes a hypothesis one-tailed instead of two-tailed? - Answers It predicts the direction of
change in the D.V., based on the direction/category of the I.V.
What is a null hypothesis? - Answers The logical alternative to the hypothesis; What we submit
to significance testing
Why do we do significance testing? - Answers To determine if the observed difference is,
meaningful or due to the I.V. we've proposed
Do one or two tailed hypothesis testing offer a more forgiving, or easier to find significance type
of test? - Answers Two-tailed, because you look for differences in any direction - the right
(positive) and the left (negative)
What's the difference between a significant finding and finding with a large effect size? -
Answers Significant findings are real, beyond chance, effect size has to do with the strength or
magnitude of that
Hypothesis Application - Answers H1: The amount of time students spend on social media is
related to their GPA.
H2: Female students spend more time on social media than male students.
What is the independent variable? - Answers H1: Time spent on social media; H2: Gender
What is the dependent variable? - Answers H1: GPA H2: Time spent on social media
Is it a one or two tailed test? - Answers H1: Two-tailed H2: One-tailed
What is the null hypothesis? - Answers H1: Time spent on social media is unrelated to GPA, H2:
Gender has no influence on time spent on social media
If H2 is supported by the data, what do you do with the null hypothesis? - Answers Reject it
Which hypothesis' null hypothesis has a more conservative, or harder to reach criterion to reach
significance? - Answers H2
What is an independent variable? - Answers The variable you think is the CAUSE
What is a dependent variable? - Answers The variable that you think is effected by the I.V. The
EFFECT
When do you pose a hypothesis instead of a Research Question? - Answers When previous data,
theory, or research backs up your claim
What makes a good hypothesis? - Answers Clear, concise, testable (There are other qualities . . .)
What makes a hypothesis one-tailed instead of two-tailed? - Answers It predicts the direction of
change in the D.V., based on the direction/category of the I.V.
What is a null hypothesis? - Answers The logical alternative to the hypothesis; What we submit
to significance testing
Why do we do significance testing? - Answers To determine if the observed difference is,
meaningful or due to the I.V. we've proposed
Do one or two tailed hypothesis testing offer a more forgiving, or easier to find significance type
of test? - Answers Two-tailed, because you look for differences in any direction - the right
(positive) and the left (negative)
What's the difference between a significant finding and finding with a large effect size? -
Answers Significant findings are real, beyond chance, effect size has to do with the strength or
magnitude of that
Hypothesis Application - Answers H1: The amount of time students spend on social media is
related to their GPA.
H2: Female students spend more time on social media than male students.
What is the independent variable? - Answers H1: Time spent on social media; H2: Gender
What is the dependent variable? - Answers H1: GPA H2: Time spent on social media
Is it a one or two tailed test? - Answers H1: Two-tailed H2: One-tailed
What is the null hypothesis? - Answers H1: Time spent on social media is unrelated to GPA, H2:
Gender has no influence on time spent on social media
If H2 is supported by the data, what do you do with the null hypothesis? - Answers Reject it
Which hypothesis' null hypothesis has a more conservative, or harder to reach criterion to reach
significance? - Answers H2
