UTA NURS 5315 TEST 1 FINAL EXAMINATION
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉Mast cell. Answer: Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates
inflammatory process.
◉Histamine. Answer: Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes
erythema and swelling.
◉Cytokines. Answer: Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
◉Leukotrines. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate,
prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract
neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
,◉Prostaglandins. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate,
are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation,
platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
◉Chemotactic factors. Answer: Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
◉Neutrophils. Answer: Predominant leukocyte at work during the
early stages of acute inflammation
◉Monocytes. Answer: Become macrophages when entering the
tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which
triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
◉Cytokine IL1 function. Answer: Causes fever, activates phagocytes
& lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
◉Cytokine IL6 function. Answer: Stimulates production of acute
phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
◉Cytokine TNF function. Answer: Causes fever, increases synthesis
of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
, ◉Cytokine growth factor function. Answer: Promotes production
and maturation of neutrophils
◉Complement. Answer: Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
◉Kinin. Answer: Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for
pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
◉Coagulation cascade. Answer: Factor XII activates kinin. Function
is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
◉COX1. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
◉COX2. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
◉COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications. Answer: Protect gastric
mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t
2026 QUESTIONS WITH ACCURATE ANSWERS
GRADED A+
◉Mast cell. Answer: Cellular bags of granules located in loose
connective tisssue close to blood vessels. Activation initiates
inflammatory process.
◉Histamine. Answer: Causes vasodilation, increases vascular
permeability, increases blood flow to the site of injury- causes
erythema and swelling.
◉Cytokines. Answer: Soluble factors that contribute to the
regulation of innate or adaptive resistance by affecting other
neighboring cells. Can be pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory.
Can react quickly or be more delayed.
◉Leukotrines. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate,
prolong the inflammatory process. Cause vasodilation, attract
neutrophils, monocytes, and eosinophils.target of inhibition for
singular.
,◉Prostaglandins. Answer: Released when mast cells degranulate,
are produced by the arachidonic pathway. Cause vasodilation,
platelet aggregation at site of injury, pain, and fever.
◉Chemotactic factors. Answer: Biochemical substance that attracts
leukocyte to the site of inflammation
◉Neutrophils. Answer: Predominant leukocyte at work during the
early stages of acute inflammation
◉Monocytes. Answer: Become macrophages when entering the
tissue, responsible for presenting antigens to the CD4 cell which
triggers T-cell immunity and B-cell immunity.
Releases additional cytokines IL1, IL6, TNF.
◉Cytokine IL1 function. Answer: Causes fever, activates phagocytes
& lymphocytes and also increases the release of IL6a
◉Cytokine IL6 function. Answer: Stimulates production of acute
phase reactants and promotes growth and stimulation of RBCs
◉Cytokine TNF function. Answer: Causes fever, increases synthesis
of proinflammatory proteins by liver, causes muscle wasting, induces
thrombosis
, ◉Cytokine growth factor function. Answer: Promotes production
and maturation of neutrophils
◉Complement. Answer: Functions include bacterial lysis,
vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, triggers mast cell
degranulation, chemotaxis, and opsonization.
◉Kinin. Answer: Converted to bradykinin which is responsible for
pain and chemotaxis, and it increases vascular permeability and
vasodilation.
◉Coagulation cascade. Answer: Factor XII activates kinin. Function
is to form fibrin mesh to stop bleeding and trap micro organisms.
◉COX1. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Provides
gastroprotection, platelet aggregation, fluid/electrolyte balance
◉COX2. Answer: Prostaglandin of arachidonic pathway. Responsible
for pain, fever, renal protection, tissue repair, reproduction
development.
◉COX2 inhibitors- clinical implications. Answer: Protect gastric
mucosa- prevent ulcers and bleeding. Removed from market r/t
