NST 10 MIDTERM 2 ACTUAL Questions
and CORRECT Answers
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 total amino acids
each side chain on each amino acid is unique to the acid, different for each amino acid (Some are
polar some are non-polar)
get amino acids from protein
nitrogen is apart of every amino acid
protein helps facilitate amino acid transfer/take up
soluble in water
go right into the blood stream so that body can use them
3 groups: Amino group, side chain, carboxyl group
cholesterol functions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. stabilizes in cell membranes
2. precursor of steroid hormones
3. precursor to bile acid
transamination - CORRECT ANSWER - nonessential amino acids can be made in the
body, allows transferring of amino groups from one carbon skeleton to another carbon skeleton
to make another amino acid
enzyme derived step
can produce energy by entering the krebs/ TCA cycle to geerate ATP
peptide bond - CORRECT ANSWER - links amino acids together, formed between an
amino acid and a nitrogen group (carboxyl + amine group)
-dipeptide and polypeptide
9 essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - must be consumed in the diet, we can't
make it
,non-essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - can be made in the body through
transamination
conditionally essential - CORRECT ANSWER - if you don't get enough phenylalinine
(essential) you don't get enough tyrosine because tyrosine (non-essential) is made out of
phenylalinine
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 amino acids
order of amino acid is dictated by sequence of DNA
polypeptide chains fold to form 3D shape
Shape dictates function (ex. sickle cell)
primary, secondary, tertiary, quatinary (protein-protein interaction)
structure (collagen), enzyme (speed up metabolic rxns), transport (hemoglobin), protection (skin
and antibodies.), contractile (help muscles move), peptide hormones, pH and water balance
protein synthesis= ribosomes
Personal protein need range= 40-80 g/day
RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - .8g protein per kg body weight
weight in lb/2.2 to get weight in kg
kgx.8g= grams protein/day
AMDR= 10-35%
% calories from protein= (g of proteinx 4kcal/g)/total kcal
Increased protein needs - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.1-1.52 g/kg body weight per day in
children
, pregnancy & lactation: RDA +25g
consuming additional protein will NOT enhance performance
TOO much protein? - CORRECT ANSWER - toxicities: kidney stones, dehydration,
increased risk of heart disease/cancer amino acid PKU
Protein Quality - CORRECT ANSWER - measures how efficiently a protein in the diet
can be used to make proteins in the body
refers to number and ratio of amino acids
animal proteins= higher quality than plant proteins
complete dietary protein= contains all 9 essential amino acids needed for protein synthesis
incomplete= deficient in 1+ essential amino acid
Vegetarianism - CORRECT ANSWER - vegan (no animal/animal byproducts)
Lacto vegetarian (dairy-OK vegetarian)
Ovo vegetarian (egg- OK)
Pollotarian (fowl-OK)
Pescatarian (Fish-OK)
diet typically rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, linked to low blood pressure, no
constipation, and varied gut microbiome, reduced risk of heart disease, lower cancer rate (high in
phytochemicals)
sickle cell - CORRECT ANSWER - change of ONE amino acid in hemoglobin
forms in red blood cells, red blood cells adopt their shape, binds to iron and delivers oxygen
and CORRECT Answers
amino acid - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 total amino acids
each side chain on each amino acid is unique to the acid, different for each amino acid (Some are
polar some are non-polar)
get amino acids from protein
nitrogen is apart of every amino acid
protein helps facilitate amino acid transfer/take up
soluble in water
go right into the blood stream so that body can use them
3 groups: Amino group, side chain, carboxyl group
cholesterol functions - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. stabilizes in cell membranes
2. precursor of steroid hormones
3. precursor to bile acid
transamination - CORRECT ANSWER - nonessential amino acids can be made in the
body, allows transferring of amino groups from one carbon skeleton to another carbon skeleton
to make another amino acid
enzyme derived step
can produce energy by entering the krebs/ TCA cycle to geerate ATP
peptide bond - CORRECT ANSWER - links amino acids together, formed between an
amino acid and a nitrogen group (carboxyl + amine group)
-dipeptide and polypeptide
9 essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - must be consumed in the diet, we can't
make it
,non-essential amino acids - CORRECT ANSWER - can be made in the body through
transamination
conditionally essential - CORRECT ANSWER - if you don't get enough phenylalinine
(essential) you don't get enough tyrosine because tyrosine (non-essential) is made out of
phenylalinine
protein - CORRECT ANSWER - 20 amino acids
order of amino acid is dictated by sequence of DNA
polypeptide chains fold to form 3D shape
Shape dictates function (ex. sickle cell)
primary, secondary, tertiary, quatinary (protein-protein interaction)
structure (collagen), enzyme (speed up metabolic rxns), transport (hemoglobin), protection (skin
and antibodies.), contractile (help muscles move), peptide hormones, pH and water balance
protein synthesis= ribosomes
Personal protein need range= 40-80 g/day
RDA - CORRECT ANSWER - .8g protein per kg body weight
weight in lb/2.2 to get weight in kg
kgx.8g= grams protein/day
AMDR= 10-35%
% calories from protein= (g of proteinx 4kcal/g)/total kcal
Increased protein needs - CORRECT ANSWER - 1.1-1.52 g/kg body weight per day in
children
, pregnancy & lactation: RDA +25g
consuming additional protein will NOT enhance performance
TOO much protein? - CORRECT ANSWER - toxicities: kidney stones, dehydration,
increased risk of heart disease/cancer amino acid PKU
Protein Quality - CORRECT ANSWER - measures how efficiently a protein in the diet
can be used to make proteins in the body
refers to number and ratio of amino acids
animal proteins= higher quality than plant proteins
complete dietary protein= contains all 9 essential amino acids needed for protein synthesis
incomplete= deficient in 1+ essential amino acid
Vegetarianism - CORRECT ANSWER - vegan (no animal/animal byproducts)
Lacto vegetarian (dairy-OK vegetarian)
Ovo vegetarian (egg- OK)
Pollotarian (fowl-OK)
Pescatarian (Fish-OK)
diet typically rich in potassium, calcium, magnesium, linked to low blood pressure, no
constipation, and varied gut microbiome, reduced risk of heart disease, lower cancer rate (high in
phytochemicals)
sickle cell - CORRECT ANSWER - change of ONE amino acid in hemoglobin
forms in red blood cells, red blood cells adopt their shape, binds to iron and delivers oxygen
