HESI RN MED-SURGE FINAL EXAM PAPER
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Metabolic Acidosis Respirations - Answer: Kussmaul respirations
⩥ Wheezing Answer: are short high pitched sounds made on expiratory
⩥ Abnormal Breathe sounds - Answer: used to describe bronchial or
bronchovesicular sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields.
⩥ Adventitous sounds - Answer: are extra breath sounds that are
abnormal
⩥ The presence of bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung
fields is described as? - Answer: abnormal lung sounds
⩥ To prepare the patient for a thoracentesis, the nurse positions the
patient - Answer: sitting upright with the elbows on an over-the-bed
table.
⩥ Bronchoscopy Answer: After procedure keep the patient NPO until
gag reflux returns.
,⩥ Hypoxemia - Answer: PaO2 is at 55% and SpO2 is 88
⩥ What test do you use to verify pulmonary embolus? - Answer: CT
scan
⩥ A patient with an SaO2 of 85% has a PaO2 of 50mm Hg. This
indicates? - Answer: shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve that could be caused by hypothermia.
⩥ Normal Arterial Blood Gases - Answer: pH 7.35-7.45, PaO2 80-
100mm Hg, SaO2 >95%, PaCO2 32-48 mm Hg, HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
⩥ To determine when the patient with a tracheostomy tube can be
effectively swallow, the nurse deflates the cuff and? - Answer: has the
patient drink a small amount of blue-colored water, observing for
coughing and colored secretions.
⩥ When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible cancer of
the mouth, the nurse would expect the patient to report? - Answer:
Heavy tobacco and alcohol use.
⩥ The most normal functioning method of speech restoration in the
patient with a total larynectomy is - Answer: a voice presthesis
,⩥ A patients tracheostomy tube becomes dislodged with vigorous
coughing. The first action by the nurse is to? - Answer: attempt to
replace the tube
⩥ What will the nurse teach a patient with pneumonia? - Answer: Deep
breathing and coughing
⩥ Fine Crackles - Answer: short-duration, discontinuous, high pitched
sounds heard just before the end of inspiration. In pneumonia or heart
failure.
⩥ Coarse Crackles - Answer: long duration, discontinuous, low pitched
sounds caused by air passing through airway intermittently occluded by
mucus, unstable bronchial wall, or fold of mucosa; evident with
inspiration. COPD, heart failure, and pneumonia.
⩥ Absent breath sounds - Answer: no sound evident over entire lung or
area of lung. Pleural effusion or lobectomy
⩥ Peritonsillar abscess - Answer: is a complication of acute pharyngitis
or acute tonsillitis when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils.
The tonsil may enlarge sufficiently to threaten airway patency. Also
known as the hot potato voice. The patient experience a high fever,
leukocytosis, and chills.
, ⩥ Sputum Test for TB - Answer: 3 seperate sputum test over 3 days.
Airborne precautions until 3 negative sputum samples. HEPA mask
required.
⩥ INH - Answer: latent TB and treat 6 to 9 months.
⩥ Rifampin side effects and considerations - Answer: Hepatitis,
thrombocytopenia, orange discoloration of bodily fluids (Sputum, urine,
sweat, tears).
⩥ BCG or Bacille Calmette-Guerin Answer: Immigrants have been
vaccinate in parts of the world with high TB. Do not give TB test only
chest x-ray.
⩥ A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis pf ineffective
airway clearance related to pain, fatigue, and thick secretions. An
appropriate nursing intervention for the patient is to - Answer:
Encourage fluid intake of 3L/day
⩥ Diagnose Pulmonary Emboli Answer: with at CAT scan or MRI
⩥ Hypothermia - Answer: SPO2 96%. What is the nurse going to do?
Turn oxygen up.
2026 FULL QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
SOLUTIONS GRADED A+
⩥ Metabolic Acidosis Respirations - Answer: Kussmaul respirations
⩥ Wheezing Answer: are short high pitched sounds made on expiratory
⩥ Abnormal Breathe sounds - Answer: used to describe bronchial or
bronchovesicular sounds heard in the peripheral lung fields.
⩥ Adventitous sounds - Answer: are extra breath sounds that are
abnormal
⩥ The presence of bronchovesicular breath sounds in the peripheral lung
fields is described as? - Answer: abnormal lung sounds
⩥ To prepare the patient for a thoracentesis, the nurse positions the
patient - Answer: sitting upright with the elbows on an over-the-bed
table.
⩥ Bronchoscopy Answer: After procedure keep the patient NPO until
gag reflux returns.
,⩥ Hypoxemia - Answer: PaO2 is at 55% and SpO2 is 88
⩥ What test do you use to verify pulmonary embolus? - Answer: CT
scan
⩥ A patient with an SaO2 of 85% has a PaO2 of 50mm Hg. This
indicates? - Answer: shift to the left in the oxygen-hemoglobin
dissociation curve that could be caused by hypothermia.
⩥ Normal Arterial Blood Gases - Answer: pH 7.35-7.45, PaO2 80-
100mm Hg, SaO2 >95%, PaCO2 32-48 mm Hg, HCO3- 22-26 mEq/L
⩥ To determine when the patient with a tracheostomy tube can be
effectively swallow, the nurse deflates the cuff and? - Answer: has the
patient drink a small amount of blue-colored water, observing for
coughing and colored secretions.
⩥ When obtaining a health history from a patient with possible cancer of
the mouth, the nurse would expect the patient to report? - Answer:
Heavy tobacco and alcohol use.
⩥ The most normal functioning method of speech restoration in the
patient with a total larynectomy is - Answer: a voice presthesis
,⩥ A patients tracheostomy tube becomes dislodged with vigorous
coughing. The first action by the nurse is to? - Answer: attempt to
replace the tube
⩥ What will the nurse teach a patient with pneumonia? - Answer: Deep
breathing and coughing
⩥ Fine Crackles - Answer: short-duration, discontinuous, high pitched
sounds heard just before the end of inspiration. In pneumonia or heart
failure.
⩥ Coarse Crackles - Answer: long duration, discontinuous, low pitched
sounds caused by air passing through airway intermittently occluded by
mucus, unstable bronchial wall, or fold of mucosa; evident with
inspiration. COPD, heart failure, and pneumonia.
⩥ Absent breath sounds - Answer: no sound evident over entire lung or
area of lung. Pleural effusion or lobectomy
⩥ Peritonsillar abscess - Answer: is a complication of acute pharyngitis
or acute tonsillitis when bacterial infection invades one or both tonsils.
The tonsil may enlarge sufficiently to threaten airway patency. Also
known as the hot potato voice. The patient experience a high fever,
leukocytosis, and chills.
, ⩥ Sputum Test for TB - Answer: 3 seperate sputum test over 3 days.
Airborne precautions until 3 negative sputum samples. HEPA mask
required.
⩥ INH - Answer: latent TB and treat 6 to 9 months.
⩥ Rifampin side effects and considerations - Answer: Hepatitis,
thrombocytopenia, orange discoloration of bodily fluids (Sputum, urine,
sweat, tears).
⩥ BCG or Bacille Calmette-Guerin Answer: Immigrants have been
vaccinate in parts of the world with high TB. Do not give TB test only
chest x-ray.
⩥ A patient with pneumonia has a nursing diagnosis pf ineffective
airway clearance related to pain, fatigue, and thick secretions. An
appropriate nursing intervention for the patient is to - Answer:
Encourage fluid intake of 3L/day
⩥ Diagnose Pulmonary Emboli Answer: with at CAT scan or MRI
⩥ Hypothermia - Answer: SPO2 96%. What is the nurse going to do?
Turn oxygen up.
