NUR 254 Exam 1 OB Exam Review
Chapters 3, 7 and 8 Assessment and health promotion
What is the Gestational Age:
- How far along in the pregnancy a person is. This is done by determining the
EDC *Estimated day of delivery*. Take the first day of the last menstrual period
*LMP* and either 1. Subtract 3 months, add 7 days and add 1 year OR 2. Take LMP,
add 7 days and add 9 months.
What is Procardia/Nifedipine used for?
- Is a calcium channel blocker BUT ALSO
- Is used in preterm labor to slow contractions down What is Magnesium
sulfate used for?
- Used in preterm labor and lowers the seizure threshold, it’s a muscle relaxer.
Using this you’ll have a lesser chance of having seizures What is Oxytocin used for?
- Causes contractions and inducing labor What do prostaglandins used for?
They have effects on ovulation, fertility, discharging of the mature egg, changes in the cervix
and cervical mucus, tubal and uterine motility, sloughing of the endometrium
*menstruation*, onset of abortion *spontaneous/induced*, onset of labor *term and
preterm*
- Help soften the uterus, lubricant *Cervidil/Dinoprostone*
- To pregnancy such as the Plan B bill *Cytotec/Misoprostol*
- Used to treat severe bleeding at childbirth as well as cause an abortion by
causing uterine contractions * Hemabate/ Carboprost tomethamine* How does
the ovarian cycle work?
- Ovulation occurs 14 days BEFORE next menstruation, this is based on a regular
cycle. o You’ll usually have 9 regular months and 2-3 not regular months.
Finding out the particular day is hard.
- Sperm can live in the female system for up to 5 days
- The mature egg lives 12-24 hours then starts to degenerate.
, What are some rules or
guidelines to menopause?
- A person has
to have NO
periods 1 year
before
menopause.
- Hot
flashes/hormone
changes happen
10 years before
they stop having
periods. - The
transitional phase
is the decline of
ovarian function
and hormone
production. - The
average age is 51 years old and ranges from 35-60 years of age.
Define Myotonia:
- Voluntary and involuntary contractions.
What are the 4 phases of a sexual response:
1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasmic
4. Resolution
When is the most venerable time for the fetus?
- The first 8 weeks, this is when they are laying down their major organs, after this time frame they
aren’t as fragile.
- Implantation happens on day 7
What hormone is used to test for pregnancy?
- hCG is used for pregnancy tests
What is the placenta used for?
- It taps into the female's hormones, shuts the ovaries down completely.
- It transports O2 and nutrients to the baby
- Removes metabolic waste
- Has very large blood vessels that bring this to the baby - It’s a barrier separating the mother and
fetus.
- Keep in mind that no blood is mixed until the baby is actually delivered.
, - Amnion – Inner sac next to the fetus
- Chorion – outer sac next to uterine wall
Understanding different placenta placements:
A. Normal placenta – placed where its supposed to be
B. Placenta previa – low lying placenta, it covers the cervix
C. Placenta accrete – Chorionic villi extended into the myometrium, can’t separate following
delivery.
D. Abruptio placenta – Blood vessels broke, premature separation of the placenta prior to delivery.
Blood clot is formed, O2 and nutrients to the fetus are compromised.
How do you figure out Gravida Calculations:
- Stands for GTPAL
- G= Stands for the number of pregnancies
- T= Term, deliveries at 38 weeks and on
- P = Preterm, delivery after 24 weeks but before 38 weeks *37 weeks and 6 days* o The alveoli have
matured enough to bring O2, before this time period this can’t happen. - A = Abortion, anything
less than 22 weeks. Spontaneous, elective, therapeutic *because mom or baby won’t make it
through*
- L = Living, this is children living at home that you GAVE BIRTH TO. This doesn’t include adoptive
parents, or kids from other marriages.
- Example: G5 = T4, P0, A0, L4 = 4 kids at home and pregnant with 5th baby.
o Those who have had multi births can give birth very quickly
- Example: G5 = T0, P3, A1, L2 = None have been carried to term, 3 were preterm, 1 abortion and
only 2 of those 3 are living and currently pregnant with 5th.
o Understand that the cervix has never carried a baby to term and is used to having smaller
babies.
- Example: G5 = T0, P0, A4, L0 = 4 pregnancies have ended in some type of abortion. o Lots of
emotion here, cervix of a first time mom, usually love deliveries.
3 different types of signs of pregnancies:
, 1. Presumptive: Meaning that they are POSSIBLE signs of pregnancy but could have another
reason. These are subjective, no lab tests for these.
a. Breast changes
b. Urinary frequency
c. Fatigue
d. Amenorrhea – absence of period
e. N/V
f. Quickening *kicking*
g. Constipation
2. Probable: These are objective but with another possible reasoning.
a. Goodwell – Change of color of cervix, softening of the cervix near the vaginal portion
from increased vessels, increased number of cells.
b. Chadwicks – Change color to bluish cervix because of increased blood flow, by the 6th
week but easily noted by the 8th week.
c. Hegar's- Softening of the cervix *lower uterine segment* where when 2 fingers are
inserted and then the other hand presses against the isthmus that the wall can’t be felt or
is extremely thin.
i.
d. Enlarging of the uterus
e. Positive pregnancy test
f. Striae gravidarum = stretch marks
g. Braxton Hicks contractions = Can start after 4th month of pregnancy, they are irregular
and painless mostly annoying. After 28 weeks, they can become more definite but will
usually cease with walking or some type of exercise. They can be mistaken for true
labor but they will not increase with intensity or duration or cause any kind of dilation.
Preterm labor contractions can be mistaken for Braxton and lead to delay in seeking
treatment.
h. Ballottement – Passive movement of an unengaged fetus, can be IDed generally
between the 16th and 18th week. It’s a technique of palpating a floating structure by
bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound. Basically tapping the uterus bubble that is filled
with fluid holding the baby, it will go up and come back down. Can’t do this until 18
weeks!!!!
Chapters 3, 7 and 8 Assessment and health promotion
What is the Gestational Age:
- How far along in the pregnancy a person is. This is done by determining the
EDC *Estimated day of delivery*. Take the first day of the last menstrual period
*LMP* and either 1. Subtract 3 months, add 7 days and add 1 year OR 2. Take LMP,
add 7 days and add 9 months.
What is Procardia/Nifedipine used for?
- Is a calcium channel blocker BUT ALSO
- Is used in preterm labor to slow contractions down What is Magnesium
sulfate used for?
- Used in preterm labor and lowers the seizure threshold, it’s a muscle relaxer.
Using this you’ll have a lesser chance of having seizures What is Oxytocin used for?
- Causes contractions and inducing labor What do prostaglandins used for?
They have effects on ovulation, fertility, discharging of the mature egg, changes in the cervix
and cervical mucus, tubal and uterine motility, sloughing of the endometrium
*menstruation*, onset of abortion *spontaneous/induced*, onset of labor *term and
preterm*
- Help soften the uterus, lubricant *Cervidil/Dinoprostone*
- To pregnancy such as the Plan B bill *Cytotec/Misoprostol*
- Used to treat severe bleeding at childbirth as well as cause an abortion by
causing uterine contractions * Hemabate/ Carboprost tomethamine* How does
the ovarian cycle work?
- Ovulation occurs 14 days BEFORE next menstruation, this is based on a regular
cycle. o You’ll usually have 9 regular months and 2-3 not regular months.
Finding out the particular day is hard.
- Sperm can live in the female system for up to 5 days
- The mature egg lives 12-24 hours then starts to degenerate.
, What are some rules or
guidelines to menopause?
- A person has
to have NO
periods 1 year
before
menopause.
- Hot
flashes/hormone
changes happen
10 years before
they stop having
periods. - The
transitional phase
is the decline of
ovarian function
and hormone
production. - The
average age is 51 years old and ranges from 35-60 years of age.
Define Myotonia:
- Voluntary and involuntary contractions.
What are the 4 phases of a sexual response:
1. Excitement
2. Plateau
3. Orgasmic
4. Resolution
When is the most venerable time for the fetus?
- The first 8 weeks, this is when they are laying down their major organs, after this time frame they
aren’t as fragile.
- Implantation happens on day 7
What hormone is used to test for pregnancy?
- hCG is used for pregnancy tests
What is the placenta used for?
- It taps into the female's hormones, shuts the ovaries down completely.
- It transports O2 and nutrients to the baby
- Removes metabolic waste
- Has very large blood vessels that bring this to the baby - It’s a barrier separating the mother and
fetus.
- Keep in mind that no blood is mixed until the baby is actually delivered.
, - Amnion – Inner sac next to the fetus
- Chorion – outer sac next to uterine wall
Understanding different placenta placements:
A. Normal placenta – placed where its supposed to be
B. Placenta previa – low lying placenta, it covers the cervix
C. Placenta accrete – Chorionic villi extended into the myometrium, can’t separate following
delivery.
D. Abruptio placenta – Blood vessels broke, premature separation of the placenta prior to delivery.
Blood clot is formed, O2 and nutrients to the fetus are compromised.
How do you figure out Gravida Calculations:
- Stands for GTPAL
- G= Stands for the number of pregnancies
- T= Term, deliveries at 38 weeks and on
- P = Preterm, delivery after 24 weeks but before 38 weeks *37 weeks and 6 days* o The alveoli have
matured enough to bring O2, before this time period this can’t happen. - A = Abortion, anything
less than 22 weeks. Spontaneous, elective, therapeutic *because mom or baby won’t make it
through*
- L = Living, this is children living at home that you GAVE BIRTH TO. This doesn’t include adoptive
parents, or kids from other marriages.
- Example: G5 = T4, P0, A0, L4 = 4 kids at home and pregnant with 5th baby.
o Those who have had multi births can give birth very quickly
- Example: G5 = T0, P3, A1, L2 = None have been carried to term, 3 were preterm, 1 abortion and
only 2 of those 3 are living and currently pregnant with 5th.
o Understand that the cervix has never carried a baby to term and is used to having smaller
babies.
- Example: G5 = T0, P0, A4, L0 = 4 pregnancies have ended in some type of abortion. o Lots of
emotion here, cervix of a first time mom, usually love deliveries.
3 different types of signs of pregnancies:
, 1. Presumptive: Meaning that they are POSSIBLE signs of pregnancy but could have another
reason. These are subjective, no lab tests for these.
a. Breast changes
b. Urinary frequency
c. Fatigue
d. Amenorrhea – absence of period
e. N/V
f. Quickening *kicking*
g. Constipation
2. Probable: These are objective but with another possible reasoning.
a. Goodwell – Change of color of cervix, softening of the cervix near the vaginal portion
from increased vessels, increased number of cells.
b. Chadwicks – Change color to bluish cervix because of increased blood flow, by the 6th
week but easily noted by the 8th week.
c. Hegar's- Softening of the cervix *lower uterine segment* where when 2 fingers are
inserted and then the other hand presses against the isthmus that the wall can’t be felt or
is extremely thin.
i.
d. Enlarging of the uterus
e. Positive pregnancy test
f. Striae gravidarum = stretch marks
g. Braxton Hicks contractions = Can start after 4th month of pregnancy, they are irregular
and painless mostly annoying. After 28 weeks, they can become more definite but will
usually cease with walking or some type of exercise. They can be mistaken for true
labor but they will not increase with intensity or duration or cause any kind of dilation.
Preterm labor contractions can be mistaken for Braxton and lead to delay in seeking
treatment.
h. Ballottement – Passive movement of an unengaged fetus, can be IDed generally
between the 16th and 18th week. It’s a technique of palpating a floating structure by
bouncing it gently and feeling it rebound. Basically tapping the uterus bubble that is filled
with fluid holding the baby, it will go up and come back down. Can’t do this until 18
weeks!!!!
