NSG6420 Study Guide

NSG6420 Study Guide NSG 6420 Final Exam Study Guide – Question with Answers – South University (450 Question and Answers) Over 90% of patients in long term care are older than The young old the middle old The old old the elite old the fastest growing subgroup?? physical exam Breast cancer Cervical Cancer Prostate (50 and older) testicular cancer Colorectal cancer (men and women) Skin Cancer oral cancer Oral cancer Bone density Vision Immunnizations Genetic Theory Immunity Theory Cross linkage theory free radical theory KATZ Stages of Alzheimer’s: Stage 1 Stages of Alzheimer’s Stage 3 what can happen to dentures with aging Stages of Alzheimer’s Stage 2 Older adults need an increased amount of what nutrients Diminished senses can lead to what? pre albumin Albumin total lymphocyte count geriatric failure to thrive maintaining appropriate levels of physical activity can decrease what? Relocation syndrome Home modifications that can help prevent falls presbyopia what are some things to be aware of with a decrease in the sense of touch what are some common drugs older adults take OTC age related changes that can potentially affect absorption of drugs orally Age related changes that affect drug distribution older adult changes in drug metabolism excretion of drugs as it related to aging normal creatinine clearance for men and women Common adverse drug effects on the elderly when preforming a medication assessment of an older adult what are some drugs the nurse should ask if the pt is taking BEERS depression and the older adult what are some signs of depression the the older adult drugs for depression without TX what can depression result in dementia dementia delirium some of the factors that can cause delirium how often should the older adult be in the sun how much calcium should the older adult have Baby boomers what are some psychosocial concerns for the older adult Normal physical changes of older adults: General status Normal physical changes of older adults: integument functional aging Normal physical changes of older adults: musculoskeletal Normal physical changes of older adults: neurologic risk factors for alzheimer’s Normal physical changes of older adults: cardiopulmonary Normal physical changes of older adults: Genitourinary Spices Framwork seborrheic keratosis seborrheic dematitis cherry anginoma actinic lentigines actinic purpura bruising arcus senilis blepharitis what are some interventions to promote sleep stress incontinence urge incontinence overflow incontinence Mixed incontinence functional urinary incontinence factors contributing to urinary incontinence Interventions for incontinence describe some sleep changes in the older adult things to be aware of when implementing pain interventions and the elderly Iron deficiency anemai ACD ACD GINA Bill Physiological changes of aging X-linked Dominant Autosomal Recessive Dysmorphology First Step for family genome assessment? Health History includes? Biotransformation(metabolism) First symptoms of HIV? Cardiovascular risk factors Blood sugar screening S1 S2 S3 S4 Posterior drawer test Systolic Murmurs Murmur Red Flags Signs of Aortic Stenosis nsg 6420 final exam mitral valve prolapse (MVP) Most common oral precancerous lesion? Frozen Shoulder (Adhesive Capsulitis) MVP sxs Moderate-intensity statin therapy Moderate to high intensity statin therapy Most accurate diagnosis for pancreatitis? When is Niacin used? Grave’s disease H. pylori gastritis: treatment Anterior Drawer Test Presbycusis How often do you check PSA levels? Tinea Capitis Treatment Keratitis Bacterial conjunctivits Allergic conjunctivitis Viral conjunctivitis Amaurosis fugax Most common cause of eye redness? Warnings for eye redness clinical manifestations of UTI Isolated Systolic HTN in elderly Screen for lipids Mitral Stenosis Hypertensive reinopathy Diabetic reinopathy cerumen impaction Atopic disorders mediated by IgE with a histamine response. Histamine response is: CURB 65 Which findings are not considered normal age related? Common skin cancer found on the nose? Centor criteria for GABHS bacterial pharyngitis What are the signs and symptoms of Impingement syndrome? Ischemic Heart Disease Chronic stable angina Prinzmetal angina Unstable Angina Nephrolithiasis pyelonephritis Gross hematuria + flank pain + palpable mass BPH Proteinuria stress urinary incontinence (SUI) #1 compliant of OA? 20yo female with pain, tenderness, decrease ROM at neck, shoulder, and medial knee: Ligament injury, “give-away”, “pop” De Quervain’s tendonistis Osteoarthritis Differential diagnosis for knee pain? Ottawa ankle rules (5 things) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Rotator Cuff Muscles (shoulder joint stabilizer) subacromial bursitis back pain: red flags Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) First line of therapy for acute gout? Migraine Headache tension headache Phenytoin (Dilantin) Dementia Symptoms Subdural hematoma in elderly DPP-4 inhibitor MOA of metformin. GLP-1 agonists MOA Thiazolidinediones Sulfonylureas Pancreatitis Pleurisy Left upper quadrant pain Right upper quadrant pain Hypersplenism Cellulitis Actinic keratoses Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Vitiligo Major signs of melanoma A group of furuncles? Type 2 Diabetes Men have faster and more efficient biotransformation of drugs and this is thought to be due to: The major impact of the physiological changes that occur with aging is : The cytochrome p system involves enzymes that are generally Inhibited by drugs : Functional abilities are best assessed by : Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is classified as a microcytic, hypochromic anemia. This classification refers to which of the following laboratory data? When interpreting laboratory data, you would expect to see the following in a patient with Anemia of Chronic Disease (ACD) : The pathophysiological hallmark of ACD is: The main focus of treatment of patients with ACD is: In addition to the complete blood count (CBC) with differential, which of the following laboratory tests is considered to be most useful in diagnosing ACD and IDA? Symptoms in the initial human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection include all of the following except: nsg 6420 final exam Essential parts of a health history include all of the following except: Which of the following clinical reasoning tools is defined as evidence-based resource based on mathematical modeling to express the likelihood of a condition in select situations, settings, and/or patients? The first step in the genomic assessment of a patient is obtaining information regarding: In autosomal recessive (AR) disorders, individuals need: In AR disorders, carriers have: A woman with an X-linked dominant disorder will: According to the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA): Which of the following would be considered a “red flag” that requires more investigation in a patient assessment? Vestibular Vestibular Function Your 2-year-old patient shows facial features, such as epicanthal folds, up-slanted palpebral fissures, single transverse palmar crease, and a low nasal bridge. These are referred to as: In order to provide a comprehensive genetic history of a patient, the NP should: Vestibular Dysfunction 5 Anatomical Sites for Vestibular Lesions Reasons for vestibular dysfunction Dysequilibrium Nystagmus Oscillopsia Presbystasis ***Vertigo OT Scope of Practice Entry Level Practitioners MUST have: Entry Level Practitioner Vestibular Rehab Interventions Vestibular Disorders Objective Diagnostic Vestibular testing Peripheral Vestibular Disorders Central Vestibular Disorder Systemic Disorders Physician Subspecialties Common Signs of Vestibular Problem Vestibular labyrinth is located within what portion of the skull? The semicircular canals within our inner ear are filled with what substance? Peripheral Vestibular System The bony labyrinth is filled with what type of fluid? The membranous labyrinth contains: What is the job of the 3 semicircular canals? What is the job of the 2 otolithic organs (Saccule and Utricle) Inside the Otolithic Membrane = Macula (A receptor) Semicircular Canals & Co-Pairs Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex (VOR) is an eye mvmt made in response to mvmt of which body part? *Peripheral Vestibular System feeds what part of the Central Vestibular System? Somatosensory System feeds what part of the Central Vestibular? Gaze Stabilization *Visual/Oculomotor System feeds what part of the Central Vestibular System? Gaze Stabilization is achieved by: Central Oculomotor Skills that contribute to Gaze Stabilization: Central damage Peripheral Damage Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BBV) is a common disorder of the: Common Disorders of the Peripheral Vestibular System: Nausea/Vomiting Neurological symptoms Auditory Changes Interventions for Disequilibrium BPPV Vestibular Neuritis How to assess for BPPV: Disorders of the Central Vestibular System Ischemic Diseases Progressive Disorders Wallenberg’s Syndrome OT Evaluation Skills for Vestibular Rehab OT Interventions for Vestibular Rehab What interventions resolve BPPV, eliminate vertigo and restore functional independence? Epley Maneuver Brandt-Daroff Exercises Contraindications to performing Dix-Hallpike Test What are the steps in treating BPPV? Dix-Hallpike (Assessment) Intervention activities for Disequilibrium: Examples of disequilibrium movement intervention activities: Goal directed activities for disequilibrium 3 Normal Balance Strategies Balance Interventions Vestibular Hypofunction Interventions for vestibular hyopfunction Goal for vestibular hypofunction interventions Vestibular Hyperfunction Interventions for vestibular hyperfunction: Goal for vestibular hyperfunction Activities for HYPOfunction Activities for HYPERfunction Interventions for Vestibular Ocular Dysfunction Goal for vestibular ocular dysfunction Visual-Vestibular Interaction Interventions Sharp Purser Test How to administer the Sharp Purser Test Positive Sharp Purser Test Negative Effects of Chronic Pain Pain Perception Pain Perception What does OT address in pain perception? What do OTS address for pain perception? Nociceptive Pain Nociceptive Pain Neuropathic Pain Neuropathic pain Biopsychosocial Model of Pain Biopsychosocial Model of Pain Loeser and Fordyce Four Pain Domains Evaluation of Pain Theoretical Approaches to Pain Management – Behavioral Methods for Pain Management – Behavioral Methods for behavioral pain management Operant Strategies for Pain Management Cognitive Behavioral Strategies Cognitive Behavioral Strategies Volar plate contracture (PIP Flexion contracture) Rupture of FDP Nonfixed position OT treatment Fixed position OT treatment What is swan neck deformity characterized by? Rehab Protocol for Tendon Repair Three types of Extensor Tendon Protocols Three types of Flexor Tendon Protocols Initial Splints for Tendon Repairs Tendon Repair Protocol Phases Cumulative Trauma Disorders Three Stages of CTD TX of CTD Common CTDs Common Peripheral Nerve Injuries Tinel’s Sign Phalen’s Test Reverse Phalen’s Positive Phalen’s Test-Reverse Phalen’s Radial Nerve Innervates what muscles? Median nerve innervates what muscles? Ulnar nerve innervates what muscles? Three Response Variables Pyschosocial Concerns with Disability Self-determination Interdependence Disability Vs. Chronic Illness What factors contribute to a person’s ability to adapt? Values and Beliefs that guide psycho social aspects of disability Kubler Ross Loss Stages Short term psychosocial reactions reactions Intermediate psychosocial reactions Longterm psychosocial reactions Adaptive responses Maladaptive responses Shock TX approaches for shock Defensive Retreat or Denial Tx approaches for Defensive Retreat or Denial Depression or Mourning TX approaches for Depression or Mourning Suicidal ideation Regression Personal Questioning and/or Anger TX approaches for Personal questioning/Anger Integration and Growth TX approaches for Integration and Growth Disability communities Disability rights movement Independent living (IL) movement Independent Living Centers (ILC) Self-advocacy Self-advocacy Intervention Ombudsman Employee assistance program Legal aid societies Teaching Self-Advocacy to Support Adaption to Disability Pain Definition Acute pain Chronic Pain Mixed Pain Biopsychosocial Model – Loeser and Fordyce: 4 Pain Domains Evaluation of Pain (Subjective) nsg 6420 study guide Evaluation of pain (objective) Behavioral Approaches to Pain Management Physical Agent Modalities (PAMS) Operant Strategies (Behavioral) Secondary Gains (Operant) How do OTs use Operant Strategies? Cognitive Behavioral Techniques MOHO Approaches to Pain Management Chronic pain may be complicated with: Graded activities for Chronic Pain nsg 6420 final exam Quota Programs and Chronic Pain Relaxation Training Biofeedback Other Pain Management Interventions Congenital Amputations nsg 6420 study guide Acquired Amputations UE Amputations LE Amputation Levels of UE Amputation Levels of LE Amputation Factors that Impact Rehab Phantom limb Phantom Sensation Pre-Prosthetic OT Immediate Post Surgical Fitting Sensory Deficits & Interventions Hypersensitivity Desensitization Mandy Case Study OPHII Scale Mandy Case Study WRI Scores Mandy’s Case Study narrative slope: OPHI-II WRI Mandy Case Study LTGs OT Intervention for Mandy Case Study Non-adherent Behavior Underlying Meaning of non-adherent Therapeutic responses to non-adherent behavior Manipulative-Dependent Behavior nsg 6420 study guide Underlying meaning of manipulative-dependent behavior Therapeutic response to manipulative-dependent behavior nsg 6420 final exam Cognitive Training tends to be impairment based or occupation based? Cognitive Rehab tends to be impairment based or occupation based? Impairment Based Occupation Based OT Interventions Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance Task Specific Strategy (CO-OP) Metacognitive Strategies Metacognitive Interventions for the ENVIRONMENT How to Facilitate Transference of Learning Metacognitive Interventions for the PERSON How to improve Self-Awareness nsg 6420 study guide Specific Self-Awareness Intervention A patient presents with a sudden onset of unilateral eye pain and blurred vision. You should suspect: Acute glaucoma Cataracts S/S of cataracts Contributing factors of cataracts Chronic glaucoma Glaucoma drugs epistaxis Sensorineural Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss (CHL): Conductive Hearing Loss hordeolum Chalazion Chalazion Age-related Macular Degeneration Age Related Macular Degeneration *Retinopathy allergic rhinitis Treatment of allergic rhinitis visual field testing Retinal Imaging Retinal Nerve Fiber Analysis Fluorescein angiography Electro-oculogram (EOG) Electroretinography (ERG) Eye and Orbit Sonogramsnsg 6420 study guide