NURS 535 Practice Exam Questions with
Verified Answers
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔stable or remaining the same
What is allostasis? - ✔✔ability to successfully adjust to challenges
What is stress? - ✔✔it is transactional or interactional - it is not necessarily the event but how
we perceive and react to the event that produces stress.
How does a person experience stress? - ✔✔when a demand (real or imagined) exceeds a
person's coping abilities.
What is the general adaptation syndrome? - ✔✔A nonspecific response model of the body's
stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
What is the alarm stage? - ✔✔arousal of body defenses
What is the stage of resistance or adaptation? - ✔✔Mobilization contributes to fight or flight
What is the stage of exhaustion? - ✔✔Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
What are stressors? - ✔✔Anything that demands a response in order to maintain homeostasis
What are noxious stressors? - ✔✔Pain, cold, trauma, hunger, electric shock
What are non-noxious stressors? - ✔✔life events (wedding) and excitement
,How do stress and disease interact? - ✔✔stress can precipitate or worsen an existing disease
What are psychoneuroimmunologic mediators? - ✔✔Interactions of consciousness, the brain
and spinal cord, and the body's defense mechanisms
Where is CRH released from? - ✔✔hypothalamus and peripherally at inflammatory sites
What effect do psychosocial stressors have on health? - ✔✔Immune modulation by
psychosocial stressors leads directly to health outcomes
What happens when endorphins and enkephalins are released? - ✔✔In a number of conditions,
individuals not only experience insensitivity to pain but also increased feelings of excitement,
positive well-being, and euphoria
What are endorphins and enkephalins? - ✔✔Natural opioid-like, protein substances found in
the brain that block transmission of painful impulses
Where is growth hormone produced? - ✔✔anterior pituitary, lymphocytes, and mononuclear
phagocytic cells
What is the function of growth hormone? - ✔✔enhances immune function
What does growth hormone affect? - ✔✔protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism and
counters the effects of insulin
Are stressors the same for everyone? - ✔✔no, a stressor for one person may not be a stressor
for another
,What is psychologic distress? - ✔✔General state of unpleasant arousal after life events that
manifests as physiologic, emotional, cognitive, and behavior changes
What is coping? - ✔✔Managing stressful demands and challenges that are appraised as taxing
or exceeding the resources of the person
What is stress linked to? - ✔✔coronary heart disease and other diseases
What are characteristics of stress age syndrome? - ✔✔- Excitability changes in the limbic
system and hypothalamus
- Increased catecholamines, ADH, ACTH, and cortisol
- Decreased testosterone, thyroxine, and other hormones -Alterations of opioid peptides
- Immunodepression
- Alterations in lipoproteins
- Hypercoagulation of the blood
- Free radical damage of cells
Do the young and elderly experience pain? - ✔✔Infants, even very young premature infants
have pain perception
Elderly - experience pain and it can have a very negative effect on quality of life.
What is the SNS physiologic response to pain? - ✔✔Increase heart rate, respirations, and B/P.
Dilated pupils, diaphoresis, pallor (due to vasoconstriction to divert blood to vital organs),
bronchodilation, and increased blood glucose.
What is the physiologic response to pain in the autonomic nervous system? - ✔✔Release of
stress hormones - cortisol, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone
, What are the stages of the pain response? - ✔✔transduction, transmission, perception, and
modulation
What is the transduction stage of pain? - ✔✔stimulation of nociceptors
What is the transmission stage of pain? - ✔✔• Impulses move via sensory fibers
• "fast" via A delta fibers - skin, muscles
• "slow" via C fibers - internal organs
What is the perception stage of pain? - ✔✔Awareness and interpretation of meaning of pain.
What is the modulation of pain? - ✔✔• Attempts to decrease perception of pain
• 1965 Gate Control Theory
• Neuromatrix Pain Theory
Where do endorphins and enkephalins come from? - ✔✔Produced in the CNS and secreted
from anterior pituitary during times of stress, pain, emotion - "stress induced analgesia". Also
released when you eat chocolate, laugh, and get a massage or acupuncture.
What is the function of endorphins and enkephalins? - ✔✔Reduce pain and produce sedation
and euphoria.
What is pain? - ✔✔an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
How is pain characterized? - ✔✔it is a symptom - the character, location and duration helps in
diagnosing the problem
Verified Answers
What is homeostasis? - ✔✔stable or remaining the same
What is allostasis? - ✔✔ability to successfully adjust to challenges
What is stress? - ✔✔it is transactional or interactional - it is not necessarily the event but how
we perceive and react to the event that produces stress.
How does a person experience stress? - ✔✔when a demand (real or imagined) exceeds a
person's coping abilities.
What is the general adaptation syndrome? - ✔✔A nonspecific response model of the body's
stress response, consisting of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
What is the alarm stage? - ✔✔arousal of body defenses
What is the stage of resistance or adaptation? - ✔✔Mobilization contributes to fight or flight
What is the stage of exhaustion? - ✔✔Progressive breakdown of compensatory mechanisms
What are stressors? - ✔✔Anything that demands a response in order to maintain homeostasis
What are noxious stressors? - ✔✔Pain, cold, trauma, hunger, electric shock
What are non-noxious stressors? - ✔✔life events (wedding) and excitement
,How do stress and disease interact? - ✔✔stress can precipitate or worsen an existing disease
What are psychoneuroimmunologic mediators? - ✔✔Interactions of consciousness, the brain
and spinal cord, and the body's defense mechanisms
Where is CRH released from? - ✔✔hypothalamus and peripherally at inflammatory sites
What effect do psychosocial stressors have on health? - ✔✔Immune modulation by
psychosocial stressors leads directly to health outcomes
What happens when endorphins and enkephalins are released? - ✔✔In a number of conditions,
individuals not only experience insensitivity to pain but also increased feelings of excitement,
positive well-being, and euphoria
What are endorphins and enkephalins? - ✔✔Natural opioid-like, protein substances found in
the brain that block transmission of painful impulses
Where is growth hormone produced? - ✔✔anterior pituitary, lymphocytes, and mononuclear
phagocytic cells
What is the function of growth hormone? - ✔✔enhances immune function
What does growth hormone affect? - ✔✔protein, lipid, and carbohydrate metabolism and
counters the effects of insulin
Are stressors the same for everyone? - ✔✔no, a stressor for one person may not be a stressor
for another
,What is psychologic distress? - ✔✔General state of unpleasant arousal after life events that
manifests as physiologic, emotional, cognitive, and behavior changes
What is coping? - ✔✔Managing stressful demands and challenges that are appraised as taxing
or exceeding the resources of the person
What is stress linked to? - ✔✔coronary heart disease and other diseases
What are characteristics of stress age syndrome? - ✔✔- Excitability changes in the limbic
system and hypothalamus
- Increased catecholamines, ADH, ACTH, and cortisol
- Decreased testosterone, thyroxine, and other hormones -Alterations of opioid peptides
- Immunodepression
- Alterations in lipoproteins
- Hypercoagulation of the blood
- Free radical damage of cells
Do the young and elderly experience pain? - ✔✔Infants, even very young premature infants
have pain perception
Elderly - experience pain and it can have a very negative effect on quality of life.
What is the SNS physiologic response to pain? - ✔✔Increase heart rate, respirations, and B/P.
Dilated pupils, diaphoresis, pallor (due to vasoconstriction to divert blood to vital organs),
bronchodilation, and increased blood glucose.
What is the physiologic response to pain in the autonomic nervous system? - ✔✔Release of
stress hormones - cortisol, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone
, What are the stages of the pain response? - ✔✔transduction, transmission, perception, and
modulation
What is the transduction stage of pain? - ✔✔stimulation of nociceptors
What is the transmission stage of pain? - ✔✔• Impulses move via sensory fibers
• "fast" via A delta fibers - skin, muscles
• "slow" via C fibers - internal organs
What is the perception stage of pain? - ✔✔Awareness and interpretation of meaning of pain.
What is the modulation of pain? - ✔✔• Attempts to decrease perception of pain
• 1965 Gate Control Theory
• Neuromatrix Pain Theory
Where do endorphins and enkephalins come from? - ✔✔Produced in the CNS and secreted
from anterior pituitary during times of stress, pain, emotion - "stress induced analgesia". Also
released when you eat chocolate, laugh, and get a massage or acupuncture.
What is the function of endorphins and enkephalins? - ✔✔Reduce pain and produce sedation
and euphoria.
What is pain? - ✔✔an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or
potential tissue damage
How is pain characterized? - ✔✔it is a symptom - the character, location and duration helps in
diagnosing the problem
