NURS 535 Practice Exam Questions with
Verified Answers
What does the Hypothalamus do? - ✔✔Controls secretions from pituitary gland
What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland? - ✔✔Adrenocorticotrophic
Hormone (ACTH)
- stimulates cortisol release from adrenal glands
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- controls thyroid hormone release from thyroid gland
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin
What hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary Gland? - ✔✔Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- maintains plasma volume
What is the role of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands? - ✔✔Calcium regulation
What is the role of the Adrenal Gland? - ✔✔Role in keeping sodium and potassium in blood
Role in flight or fight (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Release sex hormones, cortisol, and aldosterone (regulate blood volume and blood pressure)
What hormones are secreted by the Pancreas? - ✔✔Insulin (beta cells)
,Glucagon (alpha cells)
Somatostatin (delta cells)
What does growth hormone do? - ✔✔Stimulates release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
- IGF-1 in muscle is responsible for muscle growth
Essential growth of all tissues
- amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
- long bone growth
Spares plasma glucose
- reduces the use of plasma glucose
- increases gluconeogenesis
- mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue
What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do? - ✔✔Reduces water loss from the body to maintain
plasma volume
- favors reabsorption of water from kidney tubules to capillaries
Release stimulated by high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume
- due to sweat loss without water replacement
Increases during exercise >60% VO2 max
- to maintain plasma volume
What does the Thyroid Gland do? - ✔✔Stimulated by TSH
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
- establishment of metabolic rate
- permissive hormones
--- permit full effect of other hormones
Calcitonin (does opposite of parathyroid hormone)
,- reduce calcium levels in the blood, by blocking release from bone and stimulating excretion by
kidneys
- regulation of plasma calcium
--- blocks release from bone, stimulates excretion by kidneys
What does the Parathyroid hormone do? - ✔✔Primary hormone in plasma calcium regulation
Stimulates calcium release from bone
Stimulates reabsorption of calcium by kidneys
Converts vitamin D into a hormone that increases calcium absorption from GI tract
Role in osteoporosis
What does Adrenal Medulla do? - ✔✔Secretes the catecholamines
- epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE)
--- fast-acting hormones
--- part of "fight or flight" response
- bind to adrenergic receptors
--- alpha
--- beta
- effects depend on hormone used and receptor type
What does the Adrenal Cortex do? - ✔✔Secretes steroid hormones
- derived from cholesterol
Mineralcorticoids
- aldosterone
- maintenance of plasma sodium and potassium
Glucocorticoids
- cortisol
, - regulation of plasma glucose
Sex steroids
- androgen and estrogen
- support prepubescent growth
What is the purpose of the Hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis? - ✔✔The purpose of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is to regulate the body's stress response by releasing
cortisol into the system. In the HPA axis a "stress" event triggers higher brain centers such as
the hypothalamus to release corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which then triggers the
anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone
(ACTH). The release of ACTH triggers the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
What are the types of diabetes? What are the normal levels of HBA1C and glucose? -
✔✔Diabetes 1-insulin deficiency (children)
prone to ketoacidosis, life threatening condition
Diabetes 2- inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response or cellular resistance to insulin
(adult onset)
For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c level is between 4% and
5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% mean you have a higher chance of getting
diabetes. Levels of 6.5% or higher mean you have diabetes.
What is the systemic effect of hyperthyroidism? - ✔✔Thyroid produces/secretes too much
Thyroxine (T4)= Increased resorption of calcium from kidneys and bones to the blood
(accelerated bone remodeling, reducing bone density, increase fracture rate) = unintentional
weight loss, atrial fibrillation, slower nervous system, and osteoporosis
What is the structural anatomy of the heart? - ✔✔dual pump consisting of 2 atrial chambers
and 2 ventricular chambers separated by the atrioventricular valves.
the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation while the left ventricle pumps
blood to peripheral tissues
the interventricular septum is a thick muscular wall that divides the right and left sides of the
heart and prevents blood from mixing between the right and left ventricles
Verified Answers
What does the Hypothalamus do? - ✔✔Controls secretions from pituitary gland
What hormones are secreted by the Anterior Pituitary Gland? - ✔✔Adrenocorticotrophic
Hormone (ACTH)
- stimulates cortisol release from adrenal glands
Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone (MSH)
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH)
- controls thyroid hormone release from thyroid gland
Growth Hormone (GH)
Prolactin
What hormones are secreted by the Posterior Pituitary Gland? - ✔✔Oxytocin
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
- maintains plasma volume
What is the role of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands? - ✔✔Calcium regulation
What is the role of the Adrenal Gland? - ✔✔Role in keeping sodium and potassium in blood
Role in flight or fight (epinephrine and norepinephrine)
Release sex hormones, cortisol, and aldosterone (regulate blood volume and blood pressure)
What hormones are secreted by the Pancreas? - ✔✔Insulin (beta cells)
,Glucagon (alpha cells)
Somatostatin (delta cells)
What does growth hormone do? - ✔✔Stimulates release of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs)
- IGF-1 in muscle is responsible for muscle growth
Essential growth of all tissues
- amino acid uptake and protein synthesis
- long bone growth
Spares plasma glucose
- reduces the use of plasma glucose
- increases gluconeogenesis
- mobilizes fatty acids from adipose tissue
What does antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do? - ✔✔Reduces water loss from the body to maintain
plasma volume
- favors reabsorption of water from kidney tubules to capillaries
Release stimulated by high plasma osmolality and low plasma volume
- due to sweat loss without water replacement
Increases during exercise >60% VO2 max
- to maintain plasma volume
What does the Thyroid Gland do? - ✔✔Stimulated by TSH
Triiodothyronine (T3) and Thyroxine (T4)
- establishment of metabolic rate
- permissive hormones
--- permit full effect of other hormones
Calcitonin (does opposite of parathyroid hormone)
,- reduce calcium levels in the blood, by blocking release from bone and stimulating excretion by
kidneys
- regulation of plasma calcium
--- blocks release from bone, stimulates excretion by kidneys
What does the Parathyroid hormone do? - ✔✔Primary hormone in plasma calcium regulation
Stimulates calcium release from bone
Stimulates reabsorption of calcium by kidneys
Converts vitamin D into a hormone that increases calcium absorption from GI tract
Role in osteoporosis
What does Adrenal Medulla do? - ✔✔Secretes the catecholamines
- epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE)
--- fast-acting hormones
--- part of "fight or flight" response
- bind to adrenergic receptors
--- alpha
--- beta
- effects depend on hormone used and receptor type
What does the Adrenal Cortex do? - ✔✔Secretes steroid hormones
- derived from cholesterol
Mineralcorticoids
- aldosterone
- maintenance of plasma sodium and potassium
Glucocorticoids
- cortisol
, - regulation of plasma glucose
Sex steroids
- androgen and estrogen
- support prepubescent growth
What is the purpose of the Hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal (HPA) axis? - ✔✔The purpose of the
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is to regulate the body's stress response by releasing
cortisol into the system. In the HPA axis a "stress" event triggers higher brain centers such as
the hypothalamus to release corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) which then triggers the
anterior pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropin releasing hormone
(ACTH). The release of ACTH triggers the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
What are the types of diabetes? What are the normal levels of HBA1C and glucose? -
✔✔Diabetes 1-insulin deficiency (children)
prone to ketoacidosis, life threatening condition
Diabetes 2- inadequate compensatory insulin secretory response or cellular resistance to insulin
(adult onset)
For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c level is between 4% and
5.6%. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% mean you have a higher chance of getting
diabetes. Levels of 6.5% or higher mean you have diabetes.
What is the systemic effect of hyperthyroidism? - ✔✔Thyroid produces/secretes too much
Thyroxine (T4)= Increased resorption of calcium from kidneys and bones to the blood
(accelerated bone remodeling, reducing bone density, increase fracture rate) = unintentional
weight loss, atrial fibrillation, slower nervous system, and osteoporosis
What is the structural anatomy of the heart? - ✔✔dual pump consisting of 2 atrial chambers
and 2 ventricular chambers separated by the atrioventricular valves.
the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs for oxygenation while the left ventricle pumps
blood to peripheral tissues
the interventricular septum is a thick muscular wall that divides the right and left sides of the
heart and prevents blood from mixing between the right and left ventricles
