WELL DETAILED ANSWERS|LATEST
UPDATE!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED PASS|GRADED
Stressor - ANSWER an external influence that threatens to disrupt the equilibrium
necessary to maintain homeostasis
Stress - ANSWER defined by Selye (1956) as the body's general nonspecific response
to the demands placed on it by a stressor
Eustress - ANSWER good stress
Associated with accomplishment and victory
Positive and beneficial. The sources of the stress are opportunities that are meaningful to us.
Examples of eustress include graduating from college, getting married, receiving a
promotion, or changing jobs.
According to Hans Seyle
Eustress helps provide us with energy and motivation to meet our responsibilities and
achieve our goals.
Distress - ANSWER bad stress
Stress that is associated with inadequacy, insecurity, loss
1
,A continuous experience of feeling overwhelmed, oppressed, and behind in responsibilities.
It is the all encompassing sense of being imposed upon by difficulties with no light at the
end of the tunnel.
Examples of distress include financial difficulties, conflicts in relationships, excessive
obligations, managing a chronic illness, or experiencing a trauma
Allostasis - ANSWER the changes necessary to achieve the characteristic stability of
homeostasis
The process the body uses to maintain a pathophysiologic deviation from the normal
homeostatic operating level in the presence of stressors
This deviation from normal homeostasis allows the body to funciton as optimally as possible
in the presence of major stressors
Epinephrine and stress - ANSWER increases the heart rate and blood pressure to help
deliver oxygen to tissues and organs
Causes bronchial dilation, which allows for increased oxygen uptake
Stress response - ANSWER physiologic changes triggered by stress include activation of
the neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine systems as well as activation of target organs
The two primary stress mediators - ANSWER glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Catecholamines (epinephrine)
Stress mediators - ANSWER hormones intended to promote adaptation (i.e. By
triggering an increase in heart rate and blood pressure) when faced with physical danger
Allostatic load - ANSWER the physical cost of adaptation to physiologic or psychosocial
stressors
2
,Besides hormones, includes behavioral responses to stress
-Favorable: yoga, exercise
-Unfavorable: smoking, drinking alcohol
-Chronic, prolonged overexposure to stress mediators, inefficiency of stress response,
unhealthy behavioral responses → illness
Allostatic load refers to the long-term effects of continued exposure to chronic stress on the
body. It is often referred to as 'wear and tear.' ... Long-term exposure to allostatic load can
lead to disease and bodily breakdown.
Biogenic stressors - ANSWER directly trigger the stress response without any
necessary cognitive process on the part of the individual; that is, the individual does not
need to recognize the experience or circumstance as being stressful
Ex: caffeirne, amphetamines, extreme temperatures
Psychosocial stressors - ANSWER may be either real or imagined
Rather than directly triggering the stress response, psychosocial stressors can facilitate its
activation, depending on how the individual perceives the stressor
Four categories of stressors - ANSWER acute and time limited (ankle sprain, nursing
licensure exam)
Sequential events following an initial stressor (losing a job and subsequently filing for
bankruptcy)
Chronic intermittent (strained relationship with in-laws, shared caregiving for an elderly
parent)
Chronic permanent (paralysis, disability-blindness, deafness)
3
, Daily hassles - ANSWER the individual day-to-day tensions that people face
Research indicates that hassles are more strongly correlated with somatic health and
symptoms than more eventful stressors
Internal environment stressors - ANSWER includes the physical, spiritual, cognitive,
emotional, and psychologic well-being of an individual and depends on the satisfaction of
basic human needs
Depends on satisfaction of basic human needs
When internal needs not met, harder for person to cope with changes in circumstances
External environmental stressors - ANSWER include triggers outside of the individual
that demand change or disrupt homeostasis
Positive stressors cause eustress
Negative stressors cause distress
Stressors may be simultaneously positive, negative
An event is a stressor if it creates a change in the person or person's circumstances
Factors affecting an individual's stress response - ANSWER individual factors
-genetic predisposition
-past experience coping with stressors
-ability to meet own basic human needs
-cultural beliefs and customs
-holistic health and well-being
-personal worldview and appraisal
-coping mechanisms and history of coping successes
4
UPDATE!!!2025/2026|GUARANTEED PASS|GRADED
Stressor - ANSWER an external influence that threatens to disrupt the equilibrium
necessary to maintain homeostasis
Stress - ANSWER defined by Selye (1956) as the body's general nonspecific response
to the demands placed on it by a stressor
Eustress - ANSWER good stress
Associated with accomplishment and victory
Positive and beneficial. The sources of the stress are opportunities that are meaningful to us.
Examples of eustress include graduating from college, getting married, receiving a
promotion, or changing jobs.
According to Hans Seyle
Eustress helps provide us with energy and motivation to meet our responsibilities and
achieve our goals.
Distress - ANSWER bad stress
Stress that is associated with inadequacy, insecurity, loss
1
,A continuous experience of feeling overwhelmed, oppressed, and behind in responsibilities.
It is the all encompassing sense of being imposed upon by difficulties with no light at the
end of the tunnel.
Examples of distress include financial difficulties, conflicts in relationships, excessive
obligations, managing a chronic illness, or experiencing a trauma
Allostasis - ANSWER the changes necessary to achieve the characteristic stability of
homeostasis
The process the body uses to maintain a pathophysiologic deviation from the normal
homeostatic operating level in the presence of stressors
This deviation from normal homeostasis allows the body to funciton as optimally as possible
in the presence of major stressors
Epinephrine and stress - ANSWER increases the heart rate and blood pressure to help
deliver oxygen to tissues and organs
Causes bronchial dilation, which allows for increased oxygen uptake
Stress response - ANSWER physiologic changes triggered by stress include activation of
the neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine systems as well as activation of target organs
The two primary stress mediators - ANSWER glucocorticoids (cortisol)
Catecholamines (epinephrine)
Stress mediators - ANSWER hormones intended to promote adaptation (i.e. By
triggering an increase in heart rate and blood pressure) when faced with physical danger
Allostatic load - ANSWER the physical cost of adaptation to physiologic or psychosocial
stressors
2
,Besides hormones, includes behavioral responses to stress
-Favorable: yoga, exercise
-Unfavorable: smoking, drinking alcohol
-Chronic, prolonged overexposure to stress mediators, inefficiency of stress response,
unhealthy behavioral responses → illness
Allostatic load refers to the long-term effects of continued exposure to chronic stress on the
body. It is often referred to as 'wear and tear.' ... Long-term exposure to allostatic load can
lead to disease and bodily breakdown.
Biogenic stressors - ANSWER directly trigger the stress response without any
necessary cognitive process on the part of the individual; that is, the individual does not
need to recognize the experience or circumstance as being stressful
Ex: caffeirne, amphetamines, extreme temperatures
Psychosocial stressors - ANSWER may be either real or imagined
Rather than directly triggering the stress response, psychosocial stressors can facilitate its
activation, depending on how the individual perceives the stressor
Four categories of stressors - ANSWER acute and time limited (ankle sprain, nursing
licensure exam)
Sequential events following an initial stressor (losing a job and subsequently filing for
bankruptcy)
Chronic intermittent (strained relationship with in-laws, shared caregiving for an elderly
parent)
Chronic permanent (paralysis, disability-blindness, deafness)
3
, Daily hassles - ANSWER the individual day-to-day tensions that people face
Research indicates that hassles are more strongly correlated with somatic health and
symptoms than more eventful stressors
Internal environment stressors - ANSWER includes the physical, spiritual, cognitive,
emotional, and psychologic well-being of an individual and depends on the satisfaction of
basic human needs
Depends on satisfaction of basic human needs
When internal needs not met, harder for person to cope with changes in circumstances
External environmental stressors - ANSWER include triggers outside of the individual
that demand change or disrupt homeostasis
Positive stressors cause eustress
Negative stressors cause distress
Stressors may be simultaneously positive, negative
An event is a stressor if it creates a change in the person or person's circumstances
Factors affecting an individual's stress response - ANSWER individual factors
-genetic predisposition
-past experience coping with stressors
-ability to meet own basic human needs
-cultural beliefs and customs
-holistic health and well-being
-personal worldview and appraisal
-coping mechanisms and history of coping successes
4
