1
Pathophysiology Exam 4 - UTA
(Urban) With Correct Questions and
Answers | Graded A+
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - Correct Answer-secreted to fix low fluid volume. Tells
the kidneys to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in
conjunction with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Correct Answer-produce release or store the 3
thyroid hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - Correct Answer-
ADH Undersecretion - Correct Answer-DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid being
lost. you won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
Diabetes Insipidus - Correct Answer-Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - Correct Answer-Sick kidneys have a decreased
response to ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - Correct Answer-Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
Polyuria - Correct Answer-Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - Correct Answer-void huge amounts of dilute water
Pulyuria - thirsty- blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Correct Answer-
Oversecretion of ADH
,2
What can trigger SIADH? - Correct Answer-Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - Correct Answer-body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
A person who is edemitous and has high preload - Correct Answer-SIADH - too much
fluid retained, fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - Correct Answer-ADH
Iodide - Correct Answer-T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the blood
T3 & T4 act - Correct Answer-metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - Correct Answer-drop in levels
of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which
increases its secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance
is restored there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-is the state of having excess T3 & T4 production and
release
Graves Disease - Correct Answer-an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies
attack/stimulate TSH receptors on the thyroid.
the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - Correct Answer-In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - Correct Answer-PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable, tremors,
insomnia, emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to
increased heart workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much
thyroid hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
, 3
Exophthalmus - Correct Answer-bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue behind
eyes
Goiter - Correct Answer-Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper and
Hypo.
Goiter in Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-in hyperthyroidism the enlargement is a
result of overactive cells
Goiter in Hypothyroidism - Correct Answer-in hypothyroidism the enlargement is a
result of compensatory change
Thyrotoxic Crisis - Correct Answer-Thyroid Storm - hyperthyroid emergency triggered
by some stressor such as infection, trauma, surgery, etc.
S&S
neuro: extreme restlessness & agitation; delirium; seizures; coma.
circulatory: severe tachycardia, heart failure, shock
diaphoresis, hyperthermia (temps 103-105 F)
diaphoresis - Correct Answer-Sweating to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease
or a side effect of a drug.
Treatments of Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-antithyroid meds that inhibit
synthesis of thyroid hormones
surgery-- thyroidectomy (usually ~ 90 % removed)
Myxedema - Correct Answer-Changes in the dermis that cause water to get trapped
under the skin over a period of time, till patient takes on overall puffy appearance.
Skin is overall Coarse and Dry
Creatinism - Correct Answer-Condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth
owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital
hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism.
TX of HYPOthyroidism - Correct Answer-most often is synthetic thyroid hormone --
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Where is calcium in the body? - Correct Answer-Bone. Moves from bone to blood.
Hypercalcimia - Correct Answer-serum calcium is higher than normal
Pathophysiology Exam 4 - UTA
(Urban) With Correct Questions and
Answers | Graded A+
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) - Correct Answer-secreted to fix low fluid volume. Tells
the kidneys to hang on to water. Fluids conserved and fluid volume goes up. Used in
conjunction with the RAAS.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone (TSH) - Correct Answer-produce release or store the 3
thyroid hormones.
thyroxine (T4) and triodothyronine (T3),
calcitonin - increase calcium movement from blood to bone
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)— - Correct Answer-
ADH Undersecretion - Correct Answer-DIABETES INSIPUDUS - too much fluid being
lost. you won't "hold onto" water effectively --water will indiscriminately flow from the
peritubular capillaries of the kidneys into the tubules and becomes very dilute urine.
Diabetes Insipidus - Correct Answer-Pass too much "flavorless" Urine (very dilute)
think of the D as down or decreased ADH, Dieresis, body is Dry.
Renal-Related under-secretion of ADH - Correct Answer-Sick kidneys have a decreased
response to ADH.
CNS related Under-secretion of ADH - Correct Answer-Pituitary Tumor
Head Injury
Cerebral Edema & IICP (increased inter cranial pressure)
Polyuria - Correct Answer-Voiding huge amounts of dilute urine.
S&S of ADH undersecertion - Correct Answer-void huge amounts of dilute water
Pulyuria - thirsty- blood compartment has less water - concentration increases
Think fluid volume deficit = low preload - from tissue to blood domino effect
Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH) - Correct Answer-
Oversecretion of ADH
,2
What can trigger SIADH? - Correct Answer-Ectopic - small-cell bronchogenic cancer
Various Drugs - anesthetics - post-op
Trauma to brain - tumor or injury - pressure that causes pituitary to over-secrete
Oliguria - Correct Answer-body holding on to water int he vascular space
Person has a low GFR, goes from normal 30ml/hr to 15ml/hr.
A person who is edemitous and has high preload - Correct Answer-SIADH - too much
fluid retained, fluid shifted to the tissues.
Poor skin turgor, sunken eyes, dry mucous membranes - Correct Answer-ADH
Iodide - Correct Answer-T3 & T4 hormones depend on this for uptake from the blood
T3 & T4 act - Correct Answer-metabolic rate
caloric requirements
oxygen consumption
carbohydrate & lipid metabolism
growth & development
brain & nervous system functions
Understand the Negative Feedback of Thyroid function - Correct Answer-drop in levels
of thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) in the bloodstream causes pituitary stimulated which
increases its secretion of TSH thyroid stimulated to release more T3 & T4. once balance
is restored there is a suppress of TSH secretion from pituitary.
Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-is the state of having excess T3 & T4 production and
release
Graves Disease - Correct Answer-an autoimmune disorder in which autoantibodies
attack/stimulate TSH receptors on the thyroid.
the autoantibodies "mimick" TSH - results in thyroid secreting more T3 & T4.
Graves Disease S&S - Correct Answer-In overdrive. Hypermetabolic
Hyperthyroidism S&S - Correct Answer-PSYCH/CNS—nervous, irritable, tremors,
insomnia, emotionally labile, sometimes psychosis (hallucinations, paranoia)
CARDIOVASCULAR—tachycardia, increased afterload, sometimes HF due to
increased heart workload
GI—increased appetite, diarrhea
HAIR CHANGES
hair follicles are very sensitive to your metabolic state & get "stressed" by too much
thyroid hormone—hair thins out or falls out (alopecia).
, 3
Exophthalmus - Correct Answer-bulging eyes from deposits of excess tissue behind
eyes
Goiter - Correct Answer-Enlargement of the thyroid gland . Can be in both Hyper and
Hypo.
Goiter in Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-in hyperthyroidism the enlargement is a
result of overactive cells
Goiter in Hypothyroidism - Correct Answer-in hypothyroidism the enlargement is a
result of compensatory change
Thyrotoxic Crisis - Correct Answer-Thyroid Storm - hyperthyroid emergency triggered
by some stressor such as infection, trauma, surgery, etc.
S&S
neuro: extreme restlessness & agitation; delirium; seizures; coma.
circulatory: severe tachycardia, heart failure, shock
diaphoresis, hyperthermia (temps 103-105 F)
diaphoresis - Correct Answer-Sweating to an unusual degree as a symptom of disease
or a side effect of a drug.
Treatments of Hyperthyroidism - Correct Answer-antithyroid meds that inhibit
synthesis of thyroid hormones
surgery-- thyroidectomy (usually ~ 90 % removed)
Myxedema - Correct Answer-Changes in the dermis that cause water to get trapped
under the skin over a period of time, till patient takes on overall puffy appearance.
Skin is overall Coarse and Dry
Creatinism - Correct Answer-Condition of severely stunted physical and mental growth
owing to untreated congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone (congenital
hypothyroidism) usually owing to maternal hypothyroidism.
TX of HYPOthyroidism - Correct Answer-most often is synthetic thyroid hormone --
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Where is calcium in the body? - Correct Answer-Bone. Moves from bone to blood.
Hypercalcimia - Correct Answer-serum calcium is higher than normal
