Summary CLM Exam 2: Immunology Testing QUESTIONS AND CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES|AGRADE

CLM Exam 2: Immunology Testing
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH
RATIONALES|AGRADE

What is serology testing? - CORRECT ANSWERS Involves the binding of specific Ab to the
corresponding Ag.



Results in either precipitation or agglutination.



What is precipitation vs agglutination - CORRECT ANSWERS Precipitation: Ag is a small, soluble
molecule



Agglutination: Ab are binding large particles.



How do we perform serology testing?

- Prozone

- Zone of equivalence

- Postzone - CORRECT ANSWERS - We fill 11 tubes with 1mL of patient's serum

- In each tube, we put differing levels of Ag

- In prozone, there is excess Ab

- In the zone of equivalence, there are optimal amounts of both Ab and Ag

- In postzone, there is excess Ag

, What are the applications of agglutination and hemagglutination? - CORRECT ANSWERS - Blood
typing

- Detecting Ab against bacteria causing infections (fourfold rise in titer)



What are the practical considerations of agglutination and hemagglutination? - CORRECT ANSWERS
- Easy

- Semi-quantitative



What is an agglutinin-titer? - CORRECT ANSWERS Reciprocal of the greatest serum dilution that
elicits positive agglutination reaction.



If an agglutination titer is <2 what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS No reaction, no
detectable Ab.



As an agglutination titer increases, what does that mean? - CORRECT ANSWERS Number of
detectable Ab increases.



How can latex be used in agglutination studies? - CORRECT ANSWERS - Attach Ag to latex bead

- Attach Ab to latex bead



What does ELISA stand for? - CORRECT ANSWERS Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay



What is one type of ELISA? - CORRECT ANSWERS Sandwich ELISA



How does sandwich ELISA work? - CORRECT ANSWERS - 96 well plate with monoclonal Ab
permanently fixed to the sides

- Add patient's serum

- If Ag is present, it will bind