AMH2020 EXAM 2025/2026 QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Trusts - ANS A trust is several companies combined to prevent competition. During the
second Industrial Revolution, businesses engaged in ruthless competition. In order to control
competition, trusts were established by putting several rival companies under the management
of one director.
Vertical Integration - ANS A company that is "vertically integrated" is in charge of all parts of
the supply chain that lead to the selling of a product. This integration includes collecting raw
materials, transporting the materials, manufacturing using the materials, and distributing the
products. Andrew Carnegie established his steel company in this way and later so did John
Rockefeller with his oil company. They both accumulated large fortunes and economic power.
Captains of Industry - ANS A Captain of Industry was used to describe an industrial leader
whose energy and vision pushed the economy forward. A captain of industry was the opposite
of a robber baron which, described a wealthy person who did not use their wealth positively.
Robber Barons - ANS The word Robber Baron is a derogatory term used to describe an
industrial leader. A robber baron was one who wielded power and caused corruption. A robber
baron was the opposite of a captain of industry who was a wealthy person that used their
money positively.
Bonanza Farms - ANS Bonanza farms are very large farms that cover thousands of acres of
land and can employ many people. Few emerged in the trans-Mississippi West, while family
farms dominated.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Dawes Act - ANS The Dawes Act broke up land of Indian tribes in order to give the small
parcels to individual families. The entire point was to attack "tribalism." This act had negative
effects because Indians lost 86 million acres of land and Indian cultural traditions were broken.
Ghost Dance - ANS Indians coped with the Dawes Act with the Ghost Dance. The Ghost
Dance consisted of singing and dancing and told of how one day the whites will disappear,
allowing the Indians to practice their ancestral customs again. Many who participated in the
Ghost Dance were killed by troops near Wounded Knee Creek because the government feared
an uprising from the Indians.
Gospel of Wealth - ANS The Gospel of Wealth is the idea by Andrew Carnegie that wealthy
people have the obligation to do charitable acts. This was said to be highly beneficial because it
would create a brotherhood between the rich and the poor. Carnegie believed that the best
way to advance society is to help those that are worthy of aid.
Interstate Commerce Commission(ICC) - ANS Congress established the ICC in order to ensure
that railroads charged reasonable rates and also the same rates to different people (farmers,
merchants, etc.), preventing favorable treatment. The ICC, however, lacked the power to
establish rates, so it could only sue companies in court. It had little impact on railroad practices.
Sherman Antitrust Act - ANS The Sherman Antitrust Act served to ban all practices that
restrained free trade. This Act had very vague language and was almost impossible to enforce.
The laws did, however, help establish the idea that the national government could regulate the
economy to promote public good.
The Grange (Patrons of Husbandry) - ANS Due to complaints of high freight rates by railroads
and favoring of large producers, farmers and local merchants formed the Patrons of Husbandry.
Also known as the Grange, this group attempted to establish cooperatives for storing and
marketing farm output in hopes that the carriers would take their produce at a fair price.
Social Darwinism - ANS Based on the ideas of Charles Darwin on natural selection, Social
Darwinism was the idea that evolution was the cause for class distinctions, or "survival of the
fittest." This idea was the explanation as to why some people were poor and some were
wealthy. Social Darwinism was used to defend why the government should not interfere
because classes are created from nature.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Liberty of Contract - ANS Liberty of Contract is the freedom to contract without government
restrictions. When people can contract freely, the government and unions could not interfere
with working conditions. This liberty ensured people would not lose freedom and ensured
equality.
Knights of Labor - ANS The Knights of Labor was a group led by Terrence Powderly
attempting to organize unskilled workers and skilled workers, organizing women and men in
the workplace, and organizing blacks and whites in the workplace. Reformed attempted to
achieve this with strikes, boycotts, political action, and educational activities.
Social Gospel - ANS The Social Gospel movement beginning with the Protestant church was a
movement that pushed the idea that people were only truly equal if wealth and power was
distributed equally. Only then would the ideals of a Christian "brotherhood" be present. The
Social Gospel movement was intended to establish relief programs for those in poverty.
The Haymarket Affair - ANS The Haymarket Affair was the move for the eight-hour day
following the work of the Knights of Labor. There were an immense amount of strikes and
demonstrations. It was named because there was a meeting at the Hay market.
How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development after
the civil war? - ANS The federal government promoted industrial and agricultural
development in many ways. For one, the government enacted high tariffs. This protected the
American industry by preventing competition from other countries. The government also
granted land to railroad companies to encourage expansion. Last, the government removed
Indians from western lands that could be used for farming and mining. With more farming,
mining, manufacturing, and expansion opportunities, America's economy would prosper.
Why were railroads so important to America's second industrial revolution? - ANS The
railroads made the industrial revolution happen because it opened up more opportunities for
farming to grow. As the population increased, the railroads allowed for mass production and
mass distribution. During this time, national chains like A&P Tea Company and Quaker Oats
were able to expand and spread goods throughout the country. Rapid communication and
economic growth led to things like scientific breakthroughs like invention of the typewriter and
telegraph that created a chain reaction of progress and development.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
AND ANSWERS 100% PASS
Trusts - ANS A trust is several companies combined to prevent competition. During the
second Industrial Revolution, businesses engaged in ruthless competition. In order to control
competition, trusts were established by putting several rival companies under the management
of one director.
Vertical Integration - ANS A company that is "vertically integrated" is in charge of all parts of
the supply chain that lead to the selling of a product. This integration includes collecting raw
materials, transporting the materials, manufacturing using the materials, and distributing the
products. Andrew Carnegie established his steel company in this way and later so did John
Rockefeller with his oil company. They both accumulated large fortunes and economic power.
Captains of Industry - ANS A Captain of Industry was used to describe an industrial leader
whose energy and vision pushed the economy forward. A captain of industry was the opposite
of a robber baron which, described a wealthy person who did not use their wealth positively.
Robber Barons - ANS The word Robber Baron is a derogatory term used to describe an
industrial leader. A robber baron was one who wielded power and caused corruption. A robber
baron was the opposite of a captain of industry who was a wealthy person that used their
money positively.
Bonanza Farms - ANS Bonanza farms are very large farms that cover thousands of acres of
land and can employ many people. Few emerged in the trans-Mississippi West, while family
farms dominated.
1 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
,Dawes Act - ANS The Dawes Act broke up land of Indian tribes in order to give the small
parcels to individual families. The entire point was to attack "tribalism." This act had negative
effects because Indians lost 86 million acres of land and Indian cultural traditions were broken.
Ghost Dance - ANS Indians coped with the Dawes Act with the Ghost Dance. The Ghost
Dance consisted of singing and dancing and told of how one day the whites will disappear,
allowing the Indians to practice their ancestral customs again. Many who participated in the
Ghost Dance were killed by troops near Wounded Knee Creek because the government feared
an uprising from the Indians.
Gospel of Wealth - ANS The Gospel of Wealth is the idea by Andrew Carnegie that wealthy
people have the obligation to do charitable acts. This was said to be highly beneficial because it
would create a brotherhood between the rich and the poor. Carnegie believed that the best
way to advance society is to help those that are worthy of aid.
Interstate Commerce Commission(ICC) - ANS Congress established the ICC in order to ensure
that railroads charged reasonable rates and also the same rates to different people (farmers,
merchants, etc.), preventing favorable treatment. The ICC, however, lacked the power to
establish rates, so it could only sue companies in court. It had little impact on railroad practices.
Sherman Antitrust Act - ANS The Sherman Antitrust Act served to ban all practices that
restrained free trade. This Act had very vague language and was almost impossible to enforce.
The laws did, however, help establish the idea that the national government could regulate the
economy to promote public good.
The Grange (Patrons of Husbandry) - ANS Due to complaints of high freight rates by railroads
and favoring of large producers, farmers and local merchants formed the Patrons of Husbandry.
Also known as the Grange, this group attempted to establish cooperatives for storing and
marketing farm output in hopes that the carriers would take their produce at a fair price.
Social Darwinism - ANS Based on the ideas of Charles Darwin on natural selection, Social
Darwinism was the idea that evolution was the cause for class distinctions, or "survival of the
fittest." This idea was the explanation as to why some people were poor and some were
wealthy. Social Darwinism was used to defend why the government should not interfere
because classes are created from nature.
2 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
, Liberty of Contract - ANS Liberty of Contract is the freedom to contract without government
restrictions. When people can contract freely, the government and unions could not interfere
with working conditions. This liberty ensured people would not lose freedom and ensured
equality.
Knights of Labor - ANS The Knights of Labor was a group led by Terrence Powderly
attempting to organize unskilled workers and skilled workers, organizing women and men in
the workplace, and organizing blacks and whites in the workplace. Reformed attempted to
achieve this with strikes, boycotts, political action, and educational activities.
Social Gospel - ANS The Social Gospel movement beginning with the Protestant church was a
movement that pushed the idea that people were only truly equal if wealth and power was
distributed equally. Only then would the ideals of a Christian "brotherhood" be present. The
Social Gospel movement was intended to establish relief programs for those in poverty.
The Haymarket Affair - ANS The Haymarket Affair was the move for the eight-hour day
following the work of the Knights of Labor. There were an immense amount of strikes and
demonstrations. It was named because there was a meeting at the Hay market.
How did the federal government actively promote industrial and agricultural development after
the civil war? - ANS The federal government promoted industrial and agricultural
development in many ways. For one, the government enacted high tariffs. This protected the
American industry by preventing competition from other countries. The government also
granted land to railroad companies to encourage expansion. Last, the government removed
Indians from western lands that could be used for farming and mining. With more farming,
mining, manufacturing, and expansion opportunities, America's economy would prosper.
Why were railroads so important to America's second industrial revolution? - ANS The
railroads made the industrial revolution happen because it opened up more opportunities for
farming to grow. As the population increased, the railroads allowed for mass production and
mass distribution. During this time, national chains like A&P Tea Company and Quaker Oats
were able to expand and spread goods throughout the country. Rapid communication and
economic growth led to things like scientific breakthroughs like invention of the typewriter and
telegraph that created a chain reaction of progress and development.
3 @COPYRIGHT 2025/2026.
