S130 ENR 3335.02 EXAM | FROM QUESTION TO
PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Origin - Answer: The location where the fire started
Head - Answer: The hottest and most active part of the fire. Shows the direction in which
the fire is burning
Flank - Answer: May have active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire. Parallel to the
main direction of spread
Rear/heel - Answer: Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at all. Often
near the fire origin.
Perimeter - Answer: Boundary line of the fire. May not have active fire on some portions.
Finger - Answer: A narrow strip that burns away from the main part of the fire. Can be
dangerous if fire personnel are flanked by a finger.
Pocket - Answer: The unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
Island - Answer: Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter
Spot fire - Answer: Burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by wind
blown embers or rolling debris.
Spread - Answer: Movement of the fire. Rate of spread (ROS) is given in chains per hour.
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,Smoldering - Answer: Fire burning without flame and barely spreading
Creeping - Answer: Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Running - Answer: fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head
Backing - Answer: Fire moving away from the head, downhill, or against the wind
Spotting - Answer: Sparks or embers produced by the main fire are carried by winds or
convection column.
Torching, candling, passive crown fire - Answer: Fire burning on the surface, but periodically
igniting the crown of a single or small group of trees before returning to the surface.
Crowning - Answer: High fire intensity and forward ROS.
"Active/running/continuous": crowning remains dependent on heat from surface fires
"Independent": fire burns canopy fuels without aid of surface fire
Blowup - Answer: A sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread sufficient to prevent
direct control or to upset existing control plans
Control line - Answer: All constructed or natural barriers and treated fire edges used to
contain a fire (includes roads, rivers, AND dug line)
Fireline - Answer: The part of a containment or control line that is scraped or dug to mineral
soil (made by a handcrew)
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, Anchor point - Answer: An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from
which to start constructing a fireline. This is used to minimize the chance of being flanked
by the fire while the line is being constructed.
Mopup - Answer: Final extinguishment of a fire after it is lined
Class of fire - Answer: Classifies size of fire, class A being the smallest, and class G being
the largest
Personal gear weight limits - Answer: Personal gear weight=45 lbs, line/web gear weight=20
lbs, total 65 lbs
Mandatory PPE - Answer: Helmet, eye pro, ear pro, gloves, Nomex, boots/socks, fire
shelter, water, head lamp, personal gear pack (red pack), IRPG, fire line handbook
Interagency Hotshot Crews (IHC) - Answer: Elite team of 20 wildland firefighters that are
prepared to battle the most serious fires nationwide
Wildland fire - Answer: any non-structure fire that occurs in the wildland
Wildfire - Answer: An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire, where the objective is to put the
fire out
Wildland fire use - Answer: The management of naturally ignited wildfires (lighting, lava), to
accomplish specific resource objectives within a pre-defined area
Prescribed fire - Answer: Any fire intentionally ignited by management actions in
accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
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PERFECTION| STUDY WITH CONFIDENCE!
Origin - Answer: The location where the fire started
Head - Answer: The hottest and most active part of the fire. Shows the direction in which
the fire is burning
Flank - Answer: May have active fire, but not as hot as the head of the fire. Parallel to the
main direction of spread
Rear/heel - Answer: Opposite the head of the fire and burning less vigorously, if at all. Often
near the fire origin.
Perimeter - Answer: Boundary line of the fire. May not have active fire on some portions.
Finger - Answer: A narrow strip that burns away from the main part of the fire. Can be
dangerous if fire personnel are flanked by a finger.
Pocket - Answer: The unburned area between the main fire and any fingers.
Island - Answer: Area of unburned fuel inside the fire perimeter
Spot fire - Answer: Burning area outside the main fire perimeter, often caused by wind
blown embers or rolling debris.
Spread - Answer: Movement of the fire. Rate of spread (ROS) is given in chains per hour.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
1
,Smoldering - Answer: Fire burning without flame and barely spreading
Creeping - Answer: Fire burning with a low flame and spreading slowly
Running - Answer: fire spreading rapidly with a well defined head
Backing - Answer: Fire moving away from the head, downhill, or against the wind
Spotting - Answer: Sparks or embers produced by the main fire are carried by winds or
convection column.
Torching, candling, passive crown fire - Answer: Fire burning on the surface, but periodically
igniting the crown of a single or small group of trees before returning to the surface.
Crowning - Answer: High fire intensity and forward ROS.
"Active/running/continuous": crowning remains dependent on heat from surface fires
"Independent": fire burns canopy fuels without aid of surface fire
Blowup - Answer: A sudden increase in fire intensity or rate of spread sufficient to prevent
direct control or to upset existing control plans
Control line - Answer: All constructed or natural barriers and treated fire edges used to
contain a fire (includes roads, rivers, AND dug line)
Fireline - Answer: The part of a containment or control line that is scraped or dug to mineral
soil (made by a handcrew)
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
2
, Anchor point - Answer: An advantageous location, usually a barrier to fire spread, from
which to start constructing a fireline. This is used to minimize the chance of being flanked
by the fire while the line is being constructed.
Mopup - Answer: Final extinguishment of a fire after it is lined
Class of fire - Answer: Classifies size of fire, class A being the smallest, and class G being
the largest
Personal gear weight limits - Answer: Personal gear weight=45 lbs, line/web gear weight=20
lbs, total 65 lbs
Mandatory PPE - Answer: Helmet, eye pro, ear pro, gloves, Nomex, boots/socks, fire
shelter, water, head lamp, personal gear pack (red pack), IRPG, fire line handbook
Interagency Hotshot Crews (IHC) - Answer: Elite team of 20 wildland firefighters that are
prepared to battle the most serious fires nationwide
Wildland fire - Answer: any non-structure fire that occurs in the wildland
Wildfire - Answer: An unplanned, unwanted wildland fire, where the objective is to put the
fire out
Wildland fire use - Answer: The management of naturally ignited wildfires (lighting, lava), to
accomplish specific resource objectives within a pre-defined area
Prescribed fire - Answer: Any fire intentionally ignited by management actions in
accordance with applicable laws, policies, and regulations to meet specific objectives.
APPHIA – Crafted with Care and Precision for Academic Excellence.
3
