NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 1 Study Guide 2025-2026
what two drugs have inotropic effects but not vasoconstrictive effects?
Beta One Adrenergic Agonist
o isoproterenol
o dobutamine
what is a normal lactate level?
<2 mmol/L
what medications from this module are likely to cause palpitations?
o atropine
o epinephrine
o norepinephrine
o albuterol
- any sympathomimetics
- any of the powerful anticholinergics (atropine)
what patient assessment would be used to monitor for the AE of dopamine?
o monitor IV site for extravasation
o monitor ECG for dysrhythmias
o monitor HR for tachydysrhythmias
what is the benefit of using a central venous line (CVL) for norepinephrine?
extravasation - reduce the risk of infiltration
name three drugs that increase the patient's acetylcholine levels
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
o donepezil
o galantamine
o rivastigmine
o neostigmine
NUR 354
,NUR 354
o physostigmine
o pyridostigmine
what drug is the first line agent for active seizures?
Benzodiazepines
o Lorazepam
o Diazepam
how do alpha one antagonists treat the disease that they are used for other than
hypertension?
BPH
what would the nurse expect to administer for a patient that has localized
vasoconstriction at the site of an IV infusion of epinephrine?
phentolamine
o direct injection into the site of extravasation
what is the ketogenic diet?
o low-carb, high fat, adequate protein diet
o for seizures
what is the MOA of amoxicillin?
disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis
what neurotransmitter is targeted for treatment in a patient with Parkinson's
disease?
dopamine
what is the meaning of a patient having an elevated lactate level?
o the body goes into anaerobic metabolism when the cells are not getting enough
oxygen to produce ATP (energy). So when in anaerobic metabolism, cells develop
excessive amounts of lactate/lactic acid. Cells are hypoperfused.
o elevated lactate levels means the body is in shock
NUR 354
, NUR 354
why would fluids not be ideal for a patient in cardiogenic shock?
the heart's job is to pump our entire blood volume every 60 seconds (average blood
volume a person has is 6L) - heart pumps the entire 6L every minute
- if the heart is failing - it is having difficulties pumping the 6L like its supposed to
- ending up in cardiogenic shock - treated by giving a medication that forces the
heart to do a better job (to pump faster, harder, stronger) - such as beta one agonist
- do not give a vasoconstrictor because it will make the heart work extra harder
trying to pump fluid out of an even smaller aorta when it couldn't pump properly
when aorta was normal
- extra fluid in a failing heart is no good so colloids (albumin) would be best
because its larger molecules and stays in the blood longer
what assessment would monitor for the AE of propranolol?
o affects on respirations - because propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker, it
will block both beta 1 and beta 2 (breathing)
-- so assess breathing: chest rise & fall, work of breath, pulse ox, lung sounds
o look for signs of HR going too low
-- bradycardia, hypotension
what should you teach a patient that is prescribed diazepam?
o teach patient what it is - gaba agonist (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
o risk of abuse and dependency
o do not take with alcohol or other CNS depressants
o causes fatigue/sedation/may get tired
o muscle weakness (that is why this drug is used as a muscle relaxant)
which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is not used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
physostigmine
what should the nurse do for a patient that is found to be hypertensive on a
norepinephrine infusion?
Taper down medication
NUR 354
NUR 354 Exam 1 Study Guide 2025-2026
what two drugs have inotropic effects but not vasoconstrictive effects?
Beta One Adrenergic Agonist
o isoproterenol
o dobutamine
what is a normal lactate level?
<2 mmol/L
what medications from this module are likely to cause palpitations?
o atropine
o epinephrine
o norepinephrine
o albuterol
- any sympathomimetics
- any of the powerful anticholinergics (atropine)
what patient assessment would be used to monitor for the AE of dopamine?
o monitor IV site for extravasation
o monitor ECG for dysrhythmias
o monitor HR for tachydysrhythmias
what is the benefit of using a central venous line (CVL) for norepinephrine?
extravasation - reduce the risk of infiltration
name three drugs that increase the patient's acetylcholine levels
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
o donepezil
o galantamine
o rivastigmine
o neostigmine
NUR 354
,NUR 354
o physostigmine
o pyridostigmine
what drug is the first line agent for active seizures?
Benzodiazepines
o Lorazepam
o Diazepam
how do alpha one antagonists treat the disease that they are used for other than
hypertension?
BPH
what would the nurse expect to administer for a patient that has localized
vasoconstriction at the site of an IV infusion of epinephrine?
phentolamine
o direct injection into the site of extravasation
what is the ketogenic diet?
o low-carb, high fat, adequate protein diet
o for seizures
what is the MOA of amoxicillin?
disruption of bacterial cell wall synthesis
what neurotransmitter is targeted for treatment in a patient with Parkinson's
disease?
dopamine
what is the meaning of a patient having an elevated lactate level?
o the body goes into anaerobic metabolism when the cells are not getting enough
oxygen to produce ATP (energy). So when in anaerobic metabolism, cells develop
excessive amounts of lactate/lactic acid. Cells are hypoperfused.
o elevated lactate levels means the body is in shock
NUR 354
, NUR 354
why would fluids not be ideal for a patient in cardiogenic shock?
the heart's job is to pump our entire blood volume every 60 seconds (average blood
volume a person has is 6L) - heart pumps the entire 6L every minute
- if the heart is failing - it is having difficulties pumping the 6L like its supposed to
- ending up in cardiogenic shock - treated by giving a medication that forces the
heart to do a better job (to pump faster, harder, stronger) - such as beta one agonist
- do not give a vasoconstrictor because it will make the heart work extra harder
trying to pump fluid out of an even smaller aorta when it couldn't pump properly
when aorta was normal
- extra fluid in a failing heart is no good so colloids (albumin) would be best
because its larger molecules and stays in the blood longer
what assessment would monitor for the AE of propranolol?
o affects on respirations - because propranolol is a non-selective beta blocker, it
will block both beta 1 and beta 2 (breathing)
-- so assess breathing: chest rise & fall, work of breath, pulse ox, lung sounds
o look for signs of HR going too low
-- bradycardia, hypotension
what should you teach a patient that is prescribed diazepam?
o teach patient what it is - gaba agonist (inhibitory neurotransmitter)
o risk of abuse and dependency
o do not take with alcohol or other CNS depressants
o causes fatigue/sedation/may get tired
o muscle weakness (that is why this drug is used as a muscle relaxant)
which acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is not used to treat Alzheimer's disease?
physostigmine
what should the nurse do for a patient that is found to be hypertensive on a
norepinephrine infusion?
Taper down medication
NUR 354
