NURS 6111 Exam 1study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct

NURS 6111 Exam 1study Guide Questions And Answers Verified 100% Correct Why can select IgA deficiency lead to a blood transfusion reaction? - ANSWER can lead to the patient developing antibodies that fight against the IgA causing a transfusion reaction plasma proteins - ANSWER -albumin, fibrinogen, globulins. Proteins function to control oncotic pressure, transport substances (hemoglobin, lipids, calcium), and promote inflammation and the complement cascade. action potential stages - ANSWER -1) resting potential = Na+ ions outside while K+ ions inside 2) depolarization = Na+ channels open & Na+ comes in; cell becomes more positive (meets threshold of -55 mV to fire) 3) repolarization = K+ channels open & K+ goes out; cell becomes more negative 4) undershoot = cell goes below resting potential; K+ channels are slow to close 5) return to resting potential = both channels close; Na+ & K+ pumps restore concentration gradient ABG interpretation - ANSWER -pH 7.35-7.45 PaCO2 35-45 HCO3 22-26 ROME- Respiratory Opposite Metabolic Equal active transport - ANSWER -Energy-requiring(energy often supplied by ATP) process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference what electrolyte is required for muscle contraction - ANSWER -calcium electrolytes in body fluids - ANSWER -sodium, chloride, potassium, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphate, magnesium who is at risk for fluid imbalances - ANSWER -older adults and children what regulates fluid in the body - ANSWER --kidneys -thirst -hormonal influences ELISA - ANSWER -screening test to detect anti-HIV antibodies in the bloodstream; ELISA will test a patient's blood or oral fluids from cheeks and gums (saliva cannot be used) for ELISA. Viral load - ANSWER -the amount of HIV that is present in the blood and is an indicator of how fast HIV is reproducing in the body. When the viral load is high, the HIV specific binding and neutralizing antibodies have not been formed, the risk of infection is the greatest CD4 - ANSWER -the cell count that measures the health of the immune system. A high CD4 count is an indicator that the body can fight infections. autosomal dominant disorders - ANSWER -Huntington's Disease Achondroplasia Neurofibromatosis autosomal recessive disorders - ANSWER -Tay-Sachs, Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, phenylketonuria autosomal dominant - ANSWER -autosomal dominant means that an offspring has inherited at least one affected gene from one of their parents and only needs one affected gene to express the trait autosomal recessive - ANSWER -require inheritance of two affected genes to express a trait Recessive X-linked trait - ANSWER -normal copy on one X chromosome masks the recessive disease allele on the other X chromosome Dominant X-linked trait - ANSWER -Equal frequency in males and females Affected males - ALL daughters get trait no sons get it Affected females - see trait in 50% daughters and 50% sons Dominant X-linked disorders - ANSWER -Fragile X syndrome is an example. Most common genetic cause of cognitive deficits Effects are variable and related to the extent of mutation of the allele. recessive x-linked disorders - ANSWER -color blindness, duchenne muscular dystrophy, hemophilia Fragile X Syndrome - ANSWER -a disorder produced by injury to a gene on the X chromosome, producing mild to moderate mental retardation Turner Syndrome - ANSWER -A chromosomal disorder in females in which either an X chromosome is missing, making the person XO instead of XX, or part of one X chromosome is deleted. Short stature, do not go through puberty, can't get pregnant naturally Kleinfelter's Syndrome - ANSWER -recessive x-linked Symptoms may include breast growth, infertility, osteoporosis and learning difficulties Huntington's disease - ANSWER -A human genetic disease caused by a dominant allele; characterized by uncontrollable body movements and degeneration of the nervous system; usually fatal 10 to 20 years after the onset of symptoms. Marfan Syndrome - ANSWER -autosomal dominant; pleiotropic; tall, weak heart cystic fibrosis - ANSWER -autosomal recessive; a disorder that damages your lungs, digestive tract and other organs causes of acid base abnormalities - ANSWER --Excess alcohol use. -Having Diabetes. - Renal disease. -Liver disease. - Lung disease. -Seizures -Neuromuscular disorders -Severe obesity Primary immune deficiency - ANSWER -In a person that develops an immune deficiency disease, they either do not have the right components to fight infections or their body destroys the parts required to fight infections.